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海归贬值是人力市场价值理性的回归
2017-09-07 07:26:59 中国青年网
□ 然玉(四川 媒体人)
6年前,杭州有一家人卖掉当时唯一一套房子,拿了150万元,用120万元供女儿小林留学。随后,又用30万元加积蓄做首付又买了套180万元的房子。6年后,一家公司只给海归小林开出月底薪2000元的条件,而小林家新买的房子涨到了400万元。
海归文凭贬值,留学回报率降低,这些早就是公认的事实。被围观的海归故事,尽管情结各有不同,但大致脉络却大同小异。无非是当初花费巨资出国留学,而今学成归来却处处碰壁,收入微薄之外,又陷入了深深的自我怀疑。
当然了,并不是所有的留学生都和小林一样花掉百万,也并不是所有的海归都和小林一般底薪两千。当舆论动辄将“海归”看做是一个整体进行叙事和评价,便注定会忽略掉这一群体内部巨大的差异性。事实上,出身海外名校的精英海归,时至今日仍然身价居高不下。说到底,简单断定“海归贬值”,并没有太多意义。留学生个体的素养,才是决定性的。
当人们谈论“留学变得越来越不合算”,无疑应该厘清这样一个前提,那就是“留学正变得越来越容易”。甚至在某种程度上,留学已成为了一种产业化的生意。而与此相对的,是近年来中国学生进入欧美名校越来越难。由此可见,“中国留学生”的内部差别和分层,相较于以往任何时候都要明显得多。极少数顶端人才,与大多数寻常学生,双方的差距越拉越大。
过去相当长时间内,全社会存在着根深蒂固的“海归即优秀”的刻板印象,带来了太多的套利空间。不少资质平平的学生海外镀金一番,回国后便行情看涨,这本身就是个极不正常的现象。如今,所谓“海归贬值”,很大程度上可算是人力市场的理性回归。真正优越的优质海归仍然招人稀罕,而那些投机庸碌之辈却已好景不再。
是出国留学还是读国内大学,在当今语境下,这两种完全不同的教育选择,已经没有绝对化的优劣之分。说到底,还是得由教育效果,而不是教育经历来界定一个人的市场价值。
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