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中国推进家政服务和乡村旅游发展 解决供需矛盾等问题
国际在线报道(记者 朱熹):为妥善解决制约家政服务、乡村旅游等社会领域消费增长的难点、痛点问题,中国国家发展改革委日前会同有关部门出台“组合拳”,集中提出了一批有力有效的政策措施。
今年7月,国家发展改革委会同有关部门出台《家政服务提质扩容行动方案(2017年)》和《乡村旅游发展提质升级行动方案(2017年)》。为全面部署落实《行动方案》,巩固经济稳中向好势头,国家发展改革委9月6日召开视频工作会议,全面部署2017年推进《行动方案》各项重点任务。会议中,国家发展改革委副秘书长程建林表示,《行动方案》的出台将重点解决供需矛盾突出、市场主体不健全等突出问题。她说:“一是供需矛盾突出的问题。比如家政服务 ‘需求上得快,供给跟不上’现象非常明显。乡村旅游基础设施条件相对薄弱,难以满足人民群众日益增长的多样化、个性化旅游休闲需求。二是市场主体不健全问题。由于相关产业起步较晚、发展模式单一,同质化、低质化现象较为突出。例如,2015年全国规模以上家政服务企业只占家政服务企业总数的22%,大部分企业规模较小,组织化程度较低,难以形成示范带动作用。”
近年来,中国乡村旅游快速发展,不仅成为城镇居民休闲度假的重要方式,也成为推动农民增收、农业增效、农村经济社会发展的积极力量。据初步统计,全国城市居民周末休闲和节假日出游70%以上选择周边乡村游,北京、上海、广州等发达城市更高达80%以上。2016年乡村旅游消费规模超过1.1万亿元,约占全国旅游总收入的四分之一,“绿水青山就是金山银山”的发展理念更加深入人心。国家发展改革委社会司副司长彭福伟表示,乡村旅游也已成为带动民间投资的重要领域:“今年1至7月,我国固定资产投资同比增长了8.3%,其中文化、旅游等相关领域的投资增长较快,公园和旅游景区管理业投资同比增长32.9%,乡村旅游领域投资也保持了较高增长,本地农民的个人和家庭投资等‘小’资金发挥了‘大’作为。下半年我们要进一步着力激发投资活力,促进乡村旅游发展提质升级,实现带动民间投资、增加就业岗位、推动精准脱贫的有机结合。”
国家发展改革委社会司副司长郝福庆在解读《行动方案》时表示,家政属于服务业中的劳动密集型行业,吸纳就业能力极强,近年来家政服务从业人员每年增长300万人,2017年预计达到2800万人左右。不仅如此,家政服务业在吸纳农村转移劳动力、城镇下岗职工、中西部贫困地区女性、“4050”人员、灵活就业人员等重点群体就业方面的作用不可替代,未来要引导家政企业做大做强。他说:“据测算,国内家政服务市场需求总规模在2015年即已经突破1万亿元,而且以每年30%的速度增长。为解决家政服务‘需求撒开腿,供给跟不上’和市场主体‘小而散’的问题,扩大家政服务有效供给,提出4条措施,包括推广知名品牌经营模式、组织开展中心城市与中西部地区国家级贫困县之间跨省对接、加强家政企业和社区对接、大力发展O2O等家政服务新业态。”
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