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中国特色学生资助政策的优势

2017-09-07 05:21:43   中国青年网

目前,我国已建立了世界上管理机构最系统、资助类型最全面、资助人数最多、资助功能多样化的庞大学生资助体系。特别是党的十八大以来,全国学生资助投入力度不断加大,学生资助工作取得显著成效。

目前,学前教育实施“地方先行,中央奖补”的政府资助政策;义务教育阶段实行全部免除学生学杂费,提供教科书,补助寄宿生生活费,并实施营养改善计划。普通高中教育实行国家助学金,为家庭经济困难学生建档立卡,免除学杂费,同时,形成地方政府以资助为主,学校实施资助和社会参与资助的新格局。中等职业教育实施以免学费、国家助学金为主,学校资助、社会资助和顶岗实习为补充的资助路径。高等教育实施国家奖助学金、助学贷款、学费减免、补偿代偿、勤工助学和绿色通道等多样混合的资助体系。我国已建立起国家奖学金、国家励志奖学金、国家助学金、国家助学贷款、应征入伍服兵役、基层就业学费补偿贷款代偿、师范生免费教育、退役士兵学费资助、新生入学资助项目、勤工助学、学费减免、特殊困难补助等多种形式有机结合的大学生资助政策体系。

在这个过程中,我们通过建立和完善学生资助政策,形成了中国特色资助优势。

一是系统性与全面性结合。我国制定了从学前教育、义务教育、高中教育、中职教育到高等教育的学生资助的完整体系,同时,资助政策体现了全国覆盖的特点,所有家庭经济困难学生,都能得到经济资助。

二是层次性与多样性结合。由于各学段学生的情况不同,资助政策应结合各学段需要、区域性经济收入等实际情况来确定。

三是实际需求与激励发展结合。助困是满足学习和生活的基本需要,但同时又鼓励家庭经济困难学生努力学习,对学业优秀学生实施资助性激励。

四是助困与育人结合。助困是完成学业的基本要求,同时要在资助过程中对学生进行品德教育。

五是国家与社会结合。在资助投入方面强调政府投入和社会资助结合,调动企业、私人和学校积极投入。

总之,同西方经济和教育发达国家比较,中国是教育大国而不是强国,学生资助有待于伴随国家整体的发展更加深入地推进和完善,进一步发挥社会主义制度优势,在长期的学生资助过程中彰显出人权与公平,阻断代际贫困,实现资助育人,培养国家人才。

(曲绍卫系北京科技大学教育经济与管理研究所教授,乔海滔系北京科技大学教育经济与管理研究所博士生)

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