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构建中国特色的发展经济学
2017-09-06 08:27:42 中国青年网
学习漫笔
作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国正经历着史无前例的伟大发展实践,这表现为两条历史线索的交汇。第一条线索来自生产力方面,中国正从基本实现小康向中高收入国家迈进。第二条线索来自生产关系方面,中国正经历社会主义初级阶段社会主义市场经济的改革和完善。遗憾的是,与丰富的发展实践相比,中国经济的发展理论却相对滞后。在经济学领域,长期以来,马克思主义政治经济学局限于经典的“生产力—生产关系”框架,有的还离开生产力的发展程度,单纯讨论生产关系,又在进行理论探讨的同时,一定程度上忽视了对现实经济问题的分析。这不仅导致马克思主义政治经济学难以向应用经济学领域延伸,还会进一步造成学科发展缺乏扩张力、理论发展缺乏支撑力、知识传授缺乏说服力、人才培养缺乏凝聚力。
在现有的社会主义政治经济学教科书中,其经济发展章节基本上还停留在概念辨析和政策阐释的层次。其一,研究对象模糊。社会主义政治经济学的经济发展理论尚未形成清晰的研究对象。具体而言,社会主义经济发展理论是以研究生产力进步为主,还是以研究生产关系演进为主,抑或两者兼而有之,尚未有明确界定,以致定位摇摆,内容庞杂。其二,逻辑主线缺失。目前,社会主义政治经济学的经济发展部分授课内容呈现出板块化、碎片化和片面时效化等特征,涉及经济增长与经济发展的关系、经济发展方式转型升级、工业化、城镇化、农业现代化、创新战略、可持续发展等诸多内容,知识模块之间缺乏内在有机联系,未能形成串联其中的逻辑主线。其三,西方话语体系流行。社会主义政治经济学的经济发展章节大量使用西方经济学话语,譬如刘易斯拐点、人口红利、全要素生产率、熊彼特创新、大推进、非均衡发展、诱致性制度变迁、强制性制度变迁,等等。这些概念大部分脱胎于西方经济学,在不同的国情环境下具有截然不同的理论含义和政策诉求,不应无原则、不加甄别地应用到中国的经济发展和改革过程中来。
基于对西方发展经济学和社会主义经济发展理论的分析,可在“生产力—生产方式—生产关系”的唯物史观分析框架下,以“生产方式的系统性变迁”为研究对象,在马克思主义经济学原理的引导下,积极吸收借鉴西方发展经济学的成果,紧密结合中国发展进程中交汇融合的两条历史线索,拓展研究视野、更新理论硬核、接纳现代方法,探索和构建以社会经济发展为主线的中国特色社会主义政治经济学,并以此推动发展经济学的马克思主义中国化。
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