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奇特岩溶背后的国际大科学计划

2017-09-07 04:16:44   中国青年网

【科普小博士】

全球岩溶面积约2200万平方千米,占地球陆地面积15%,其背后的很多问题亟待深入研究。

比如,丰富的岩溶水资源为世界约25%的人口提供饮用水源,但却难以开采利用。以中国西南岩溶地下水资源为例,已开采量仅占允许开采量的16.57%。同时,岩溶水资源的保护与水质修复也急需加强调查研究。

还有,世界碳酸盐岩大型油气田321个,分布于39个国家和地区,占油气资源产量60%以上。但由于古岩溶与深部岩溶作用叠加,急需加大勘探技术研发力度。

而全球岩溶地区环境问题尤为突出,干旱、石漠化、水污染、水土漏失等环境问题在全球普遍发生,岩溶塌陷、洼地内涝、矿坑突水等地质灾害越来越频繁,而且这些问题形成演变过程极为复杂,具有隐蔽性,难以防治和预测,急需开展全球岩溶环境问题和岩溶地质灾害的形成演变机制、防治和预警技术的研究。

另外,岩溶地区是以碳、水、钙循环为主的表层地球化学过程,消耗大气或土壤中的二氧化碳,在全球碳循环中发挥了重要作用,可为应对全球气候变化作出相应的贡献。

但迄今为止,国际上一直没有全球岩溶的信息平台,急需加强全球岩溶信息提取及共享研究,建设全球岩溶空间数据网及岩溶大数据应用云平台,发布全球权威信息,提供公共服务。

鉴于上述原因,中国地质调查局提出“全球岩溶”大科学计划,在中国成立国际岩溶研究中心。这是全球岩溶领域的重大国际科技行动,对于推动岩溶领域国际合作及重大科技创新,促进全球岩溶资源的可持续利用和环境的可持续发展都大有好处。

目前,全球岩溶动力系统资源环境效应国际大科学计划实施进展顺利,取得了积极进展。比如,“岩溶关键带”项目于2017年2月成功获批,显示了国际地学界对于岩溶关键带研究的支持,形成了40余个国家200多名科学家组成的国际研究团队,获得了联合国教科文组织及国际地科联的资金支持。

此外,还获批开展相关的地质调查及研究项目,如“岩溶关键带物质能量循环过程及可持续性探究”“中南半岛五国水文与环境地质合作编图”“全球气候变化影响表层岩溶带水溶蚀能力国际对比”等。

(作者:刘同良 白冰 单位:中国地质调查局岩溶地质研究所)

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