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小手机 大变革——中国人的“智”生活:突破“最后一公里”

2017-09-06 09:57:03   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 卜卫军):中国曾是地道的自行车王国。今天,随着中国汽车保有量的激增,道路拥堵成为让人头疼的问题,政府和企业都在探寻解决“最后一公里”的出行难题。2016年年底,共享单车的出现似乎为问题的解决带来了希望。

仿佛一夜间,中国各大城市的大街小巷随处可见颜色鲜艳、手机解锁的自行车,这就是时下流行的共享单车。

打开智能手机上对应的APP,扫描单车上的二维码或者输入数字编码就可以为共享单车解锁,结束行程后锁车,通过手机支付车费,半小时费用大概是人民币0.5元至1元。在北京上地地铁站附近,两位刚刚从地铁里走出来的女士拿出手机,对着眼前的共享单车扫码,对于所谓的“最后一公里”难题,她们有着最直接的体验:“我以前上班走路大概要15到20分钟的时间,现在骑了车之后大概5、6分钟能到单位。”“我骑车的话10多分钟,但要坐车的话得40多分钟。”

共享单车混搭公交或地铁出行是城市上班族的主要出行方式,为人们的出行带来便捷,提高了出行效率。目前,摩拜单车、OFO小黄车、小蓝单车在中国投放量相对较大,公众使用较多。摩拜单车联合创始人、首席技术官夏一平表示:“共享单车在本质上丰富了整个城市出行的毛细血管。我们在早期设计产品的时候,觉得1到3公里之内是相对比较适合的骑行距离,5公里也行。(实际上)大部分用户的出行还是为了最后1到3公里这样的需求。”

OFO小黄车副总裁马野铭说:“我们50%的行程都是小于1公里的,所以我们应该从产品设计或者说自行车本身的属性来讲,它解决了最后1公里的出行问题。”

2017年4月,摩拜单车发布了《2017年共享单车与城市发展白皮书》,报告显示,共享单车出现前,小汽车占出行总量的29.8%,自行车只占5.5%。共享单车出现后,小汽车占比下降至26.6%,而自行车占比达11.6%,翻了一倍,共享单车已经成为继小汽车、公交、地铁后的第四大出行方式。

共享单车的出现也为城市管理和交通规划部门提供了科学决策参考。利用物联网、云计算和大数据,企业可以打造人工智能平台,不仅能够实时精准掌控每辆共享单车的位置和状态,实现精细化高效运维,而且能够深度挖掘和分析时间、位置、天气、流量、出行特征等交通信息。

当然,共享单车的“爆炸式”发展在为大众提供绿色、便捷出行工具的同时,也存在着停放秩序混乱的问题。为了解决这一突出问题,企业与政府部门推出了“电子围栏”技术作为解决方案。利用安装在共享单车上的卫星定位(GPS)装置,实时监督共享单车是否停放在指定区域内。北京市计量检测科学研究院院长姚和军介绍说:“在地面上画一条白线,实际上相当于把这条白线的位置在电子地图上标注出来,同时小黄车上也有一个定位的芯片,知道它(单车)的位置,再跟地图上的围栏的位置去对,看它是不是在框里面。”

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