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中国时速600公里列车已在研:经费将突破90亿元

2017-09-04 14:23:39   中国青年网

资料图:中国高铁

“这个重点专项包括从时速120公里到600公里的各种车型的研制,有客运也有货运。”8月31日,中车工业研究院副院长孙帮成在国家重点研发计划重点专项动员会上作汇报,他说,“项目分为十大任务,总经费会突破90亿元。”

与8月30日中国航天科工集团提出的“高速飞行列车”项目还处在研究论证阶段不同,孙帮成提到的先进轨道交通重点专项,于2016年立项,是科技部18个国家重点研发计划中的一个,已经开启项目研究工作,将于2021年完成项目任务。

科技日报记者后续向中国中车集团方面了解到,先进轨道交通重点专项中的“各种车型”具体包括6种,其中货运列车3种、高速列车1种、磁悬浮列车2种。

“时速120公里的货运列车,载重大,我们叫它‘驼背运输车’;时速160公里的货运列车可替代目前普通的货运车,给速度‘加码’;”中国中车集团重点专项办公室项目专员逐一解释道,“时速250公里的货运列车,拉我们俗称的‘白货’,比如海口上岸的海鲜,坐这种列车下午就能上北京的餐桌。”

每种在研列车都瞄准了具体的市场需求——高速列车研制主攻“跨国联运”技术,将“一带一路”沿线国家的城市串联起来。“统一标准”是研发攻关中的重点,该项目的任务目标中写道:将研究“一带一路”沿线国家不同轨距、不同电压制式、不同环境温度、不同技术标准、不同信号控制的运用需求,按照统一的技术平台、不同的技术路线研制时速400公里能跨国联运的高速列车。

此外,先进轨道交通重点专项还包含了2种磁悬浮列车的研制工作——时速600公里的高速磁浮项目与时速200公里的中速磁浮项目。

“研发高速磁悬浮技术是国家科技实力的体现,为‘后高铁时代’做技术储备。”孙帮成说,国家重点研发计划就是要抢占科学技术的前沿。

有调查显示,时速600公里磁悬浮列车的投入成本与时速400公里高铁的成本差不多。目前,日本超导磁浮列车最高试验时速603公里,德国常导磁浮列车最高试验时速505公里,我国上海的磁浮线路采用德国技术,运营时速430公里。

据媒体报道,山东省委常委、常务副省长李群8月24日表示,中国第一台能够进入商用的高速磁悬浮列车2018年将在山东下线,并于2019年实现5公里试验线、2020年实现30公里试验线。

时速200公里的中速磁浮项目主要瞄准城郊线。相关人员表示,磁悬浮列车与轨道不接触,之间有1厘米左右的间隙,运行噪音小,铁路建设时的拆迁范围将大大减小。据报道,北京首条磁浮线已于6月5日在门头沟完成了热滑试验,将于年底开通试运营。

此外,根据项目计划,所有列车都提出了能耗的要求。例如,跨国高速列车要实现能耗降低10%。高速磁悬浮列车与国外相比,悬浮能耗要降低35%。轨道交通系统的安全保障、承受50℃—零下50℃之间多变严苛的环境变化也是在研列车必须要过的“技术关”。

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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