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核桃微雕 万国博览会获金奖

2017-09-06 03:31:38   中国青年网

雕刻艺术与文玩核桃的结合是一段巧夺天工的历史。

雕刻品相信大家都见过,但要说到在小小的文玩核桃上雕刻,而且雕刻出“十八罗汉”甚至上百个人物,您可能就不信了,但世上就有此等巧匠。上面说到的“十八罗汉”正是清代有着“鬼工”之称的杜士元在核桃上雕刻的名品。这样的雕刻艺术也有个说法,即微雕。在核上雕刻的则被称为核雕,是指在文玩核桃、橄榄核、桃核、杏核等上面运用各种刀法、技法,恰到好处地体现出工匠们的高超技艺水平的一种雕刻形式。

清代的乾隆就非常喜爱核桃雕,当他得知民间有个雕刻奇人杜士元,能将桃核雕刻成舟,有“鬼工”之称,乾隆帝就将杜士元召进宫中,安排在启祥宫专门为皇家工作。

受到帝王重视的核桃雕在盛世焕发出了极强的活力,一大批知名核桃雕艺人涌现出来。当时除了杜士元,还有沈君玉、宋风起等有名的核桃雕艺人,他们的核桃雕作品精雕细琢、技艺精湛、刀法细腻,为世人留下了巧夺天工的佳作。杜士元的“蝶形十八罗汉核桃”,就是在不足方寸的核桃上雕刻出形态各异的十八罗汉及景物。罗汉五官雕琢精致,个个神情不一,栩栩如生,自然景物刻画得惟妙惟肖。常人要借助放大镜才能看个仔细。

清末的民间核桃雕艺人都兰桂30岁雕出名作“马拉轿车”,在1915年巴拿马万国博览会上折服了评委获得了金奖。在不足方寸的天地里,雕刻着龙腾虎跃的骏马,拉着一辆轿车,在强悍有力、衣着朴实的赶车人扬鞭驾驭下,奔驰在大地上;乘车人稳坐车内,面部俊逸,衣冠华丽,似乎陶醉在沿途大好风光中;骏马的蹄、胸、辔头、套索、串铃清晰可见,轿车的窗、帘、篷、轮、轴形象逼真。

(本文写作参考佟屏亚编著《果树史话》,迟锐、黄玉红编著《核桃润金——文玩核桃的收藏与把玩》等,特此致谢)

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