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核桃全身都是宝

2017-09-06 03:26:54   中国青年网

核桃是一种营养丰富、用途广泛的干果。

核桃仁含脂肪65-70%、蛋白质15-20%、碳水化合物10%以上。此外,核桃还含有多种维生素和矿物质。一斤核桃仁的营养价值相当于9.5斤牛奶,或5斤鸡蛋,或4斤牛肉的营养价值。所以人们又称核桃为“养人之宝”。生食甘美适口,炒食齿颊留香。

核桃仁还是重要的中药。唐代孟诜在《食疗本草》书中,谈到食用核桃仁可以健脾开胃,通润血脉,使骨肉细腻。宋代刘翰等在《开宝本草》中记载,核桃仁“食之令人肥健,润肌,黑须发”。明代李时珍的《本草纲目》进一步指出核桃仁具有补气养血、润燥化痰、温肺润肠、散肿消毒的功用。

近代《中药大辞典》记载,核桃仁对慢性气管炎、肾虚腰痛、肺虚咳嗽、大便燥结、阳痿遗精等症都有良好的疗效。

核桃仁在工业上还用来制造高级油漆、印刷油墨和化妆品原料。核桃壳可以制造活性炭,孔隙多,硬度高,是制造防毒面具的优质原料。

核桃树是一种贵重树材,木质坚韧,不翘不裂,纹理通直,细腻光亮,是制造精密仪器、收音机和电视机外壳的好材料。核桃树的叶片和果皮中含有单宁,可鞣制皮革和提炼烤胶原料。叶片所含的化学成分有杀死害虫的作用,可用来制造农药杀虫剂。

核桃树的适应能力很强,无论山地平原、河边道旁,都能良好生长,既适于大片造林,也适于零星种植。核桃一般在种植后8-10年就可以结果。盛果期达40-50年之久,如管理得当,也有百年大树仍能繁茂结实的。据说山西省汾阳县有一株800年树龄的老核桃树,至今仍枝繁叶茂,结实累累,被称为核桃“寿星树”。核桃大树一般产量约100斤左右,多的可达200-300斤,个别丰产单株最高可达三四千斤。所以群众说,“核桃树是摇钱树,谁种谁就富。”

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