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棉纱市场的那些事儿

2017-09-05 10:07:01   中国经济网

进口增速放缓,产业集中度低,与棉花联动性强

棉纱由棉花纺制而成,是制线、织布的最基本原料。棉纱大部分用来生产各类棉布(也叫坯布),经染色加工后,广泛应用于纺织品、服装及产业用品等终端消费领域;少部分用来制作缝纫线、刺绣线等,最终以辅料的形式用于纺织品服装上。

我国棉纱产销情况

近几年,我国棉纱年产量在600万—700万吨,表观消费量在650万—850万吨。此外,每年的出口量较少,一般占进口量的15%—20%。因国内棉纱缺口较大,每年棉纱市场都处于净进口状态。2013年以来,年净进口量在150万—200万吨。

我国进口棉纱主要来源于印度、越南和巴基斯坦,占进口总量的70%。不过,随着国内棉纱成本优势的提升,近两年进口量出现下降态势。

我国棉纱产业状况

据中国棉纺织行业协会统计,2016年,国内纱线产量为1884万吨,同比增长2.2%;棉织物产量为610亿米,同比增长4.3%。国内棉纱产量大省,山东居首,河南次之,江苏紧随其后,三省产量占全国总产量的逾五成。另外,福建、湖北、浙江也是重要的棉纱生产大省。

我国棉纱企业数量众多,产业集中度低,民营企业的产量占90%,前百位棉纺织企业的产量仅占30%。

下游消费领域分布情况

下游织造及纺织品服装业主要集中在珠三角和长三角。珠三角的广州、东莞、佛山,长三角的绍兴柯桥、苏州盛泽、常熟都是国内纺织行业的重要阵地。棉布生产大省有山东、湖北、江苏、河北,四省的产量占全国总产量的七成多。绍兴柯桥的中国轻纺城和广州的中大国际轻纺城是国内最大的纺织品贸易中心。另外,随着经济的发展,纺织工业正慢慢向内陆和东南亚迁移。

纺织品服装进出口情况

近几年,国内纺织服装进口额仅为出口额的一成左右。据海关总署统计,2016年,我国纺织品服装累计贸易额为2906亿美元,同比下降6.1%。其中,出口2672.5亿美元,同比下降5.9%;进口233.6亿美元,同比下降8.8%;贸易顺差为2438.9亿美元,同比下降5.6%。出口连续两年下降,规模回到2014的水平。与预期不同,年终最后一个月,出口额同比降幅超过10%,导致2016年纺织品服装出口额继2015年下降4.9%之后再次下降,并且降幅扩大至5.9%。我国纺织品服装出口近20年来,首次出现连续两年下降。从2016年单月纺织品服装出口表现来看,除3月同比增幅扩大、4月和5月微幅增长外,其余各月同比均为负增长。表明中国纺织品服装出口已经步入调整周期。

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