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铁矿石结构性短缺加剧

2017-09-05 10:06:59   中国经济网

经历连续上涨后,最近铁矿石在高位振荡。外矿发运量减少,港口库存下降,加之高品矿需求旺盛,使得铁矿石出现结构性短缺的现象。

中频炉产能大量退出提振铁矿石需求

进入2017年后,供给侧改革进入攻坚阶段。对于钢铁行业而言,去产能的目标从去年的去除已停产的落后产能转移到了关停在产产能,这其中又以打击中频炉地条钢的政策最为严厉。

根据年初政策,2017年6月30日前将关闭所有中频炉产能,累计涉及产能在1.71亿吨左右。中频炉在生产钢材过程中并不使用铁矿石,主要原料为废钢。因此,大量的中频炉产能关闭势必会将产量份额让渡给使用铁矿石的高炉,从中长期角度对铁矿石需求较为利多。

钢厂利润高企,高品铁矿石需求旺盛

2017年以来,钢材供需两端的消息均较为利多,使得钢价成为年内的领涨品种。在此背景下,钢厂利润也持续上升,创下近10年来的最高水平。

如此高的冶炼利润,势必使得钢厂增产意愿强烈,但目前在供给侧改革的背景下,新增产能释放难度较大,且环保政策压力增加,钢厂开工率始终难有大幅增加。但再看钢铁日产数据,产量增幅虽不大,但已创出新高。

图为重点钢企粗钢日均产量(单位:万吨)

开工率不变,又无新增产能,但产量出现增加。看似矛盾的背后,其实存在钢厂不断提高入炉铁矿石品位的问题,这可从高低品位铁矿石价差变化得到验证,两者价差自2016年拉开后,近期再度扩大至新高。由此可见,市场对高品铁矿石的需求非常旺盛。

铁矿石到港量下降,结构性短缺现象凸显

近期受澳洲、巴西港口检修增多影响,北方港口铁矿石到港量出现明显下滑。未来数周澳洲发货情况相对正常,但巴西港口检修依然会持续,预期铁矿石发货量仍会有所下降。

铁矿石到港量的下降,使得5月以来港口铁矿石库存从高位开始下降,加之钢厂对于高品矿旺盛的需求,市场铁矿石出现结构性短缺现象,而这一现象短期很难有所缓解。

图为铁矿石港口库存(单位:万吨)

操作策略

策略逻辑:第一,上半年中频炉产能去化后,钢材生产更多向高炉转移,利多中长期铁矿石需求;第二,钢厂利润处于高位,但产能释放难度较大,因而对高品位矿需求旺盛;第三, 外矿发运量减少,港口库存下降,加之高品矿需求旺盛,使得铁矿石出现结构性短缺的现象。

策略操作:单边买入I1801,入场价位560—570元/吨;止盈价位620—630元/吨,止损价位540—550元/吨。

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