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信用修复与失信惩戒同样重要

2017-09-05 09:42:03   央广网

原标题:信用修复与失信惩戒同样重要

强调对失信者接受信用惩戒后进行信用修复,不失为引导诚信风尚的一剂良方,它能够让失信者在接受信用惩戒后获得修复自身信用的机会

日前,《中国企业信用建设报告(2016)》(以下简称《报告》)在京发布。《报告》指出,2016年全国在加大惩戒企业失信行为的同时,还注重建立信用修复机制和主体权益保护机制,信用修复机制和主体权益保护机制构成了诚信奖惩机制的重要补充和保障(9月4日《法制日报》)。

人无信不立,国无信不昌。近年来,我国高度重视社会诚信建设,自2016年5月国务院印发《关于建立守信联合激励和失信联合惩戒制度加快推进社会诚信建设的指导意见》以来,在国家层面先后发布了9个联合惩戒备忘录和3个联合激励备忘录,各省市也陆续出台了守信激励和失信惩戒办法,初步构建了政府部门协同联动、行业组织自律管理、信用服务机构积极参与、社会舆论广泛监督的共治格局,有力地促进了社会诚信建设。

“祸莫大于无信”。尽管对严重失信行为予以信用惩戒是题中之义,但对已接受失信惩戒的失信者进行信用修复同样不可或缺。如果过分强调对失信行为的惩戒而忽视对失信者接受惩戒后的信用修复,那么就必然会导致对失信行为的惩戒有余,而对失信者的改过自新激励不足。须知,任何一种公序良俗的形成并得以传承,都离不开惩戒和激励的双重作用,二者缺一不可。甚至在某种程度上,对改过自新的正面激励更能引导人们自觉追求诚信。因此,在这种意义上,强调对失信者接受信用惩戒后进行信用修复,不失为引导诚信风尚的一剂良方,它能够让失信者在接受信用惩戒后获得修复自身信用的机会。一旦这种信用修复形成良性循环,那么相信有前车之鉴教训的失信者就会以此为戒,自觉践行诚信,从而以燎原之势汇聚成强大的诚信正能量,进而促进整个社会诚实守信蔚然成风。

更要看到,对失信者接受信用惩戒后给予其信用修复的机会,更能助力社会诚信建设形成完善的机制,有效避免失信惩戒在发挥正面积极作用时,可能带给失信者不必要的负面伤害。近年来,各地在推进失信惩戒机制建设的过程中,往往注重对失信者予以信用惩戒,而忽视失信者的信用修复,无形中让当事者在接受信用惩戒后,因信用的修复不及时,不得不背上“终身失信”的黑锅,明显有背离公平公正的法治原则。特别是因为信息失真而导致的信用惩戒“误伤”现象,更是凸显了完善信用修复机制的重要性和紧迫性。有鉴于此,建立有利于自我纠错、主动自新的社会鼓励与关爱机制,支持失信者通过各种有效方式修复自身信用,无疑既是公平公正法治原则的基本要求,又是保障信用主体合法权益不受损害的必然选择,其对于社会诚信建设的重要性而言,可以说是鸟之一翼、车之一轮。

失信并不可怕,关键要勇于改正。这既需要失信者敢于悔过自新,又需要从机制上兜底保障失信者有修复自身信用的机会,二者缺一不可。国务院在印发社会诚信建设指导意见时,早就注意到了信用修复的重要性,将其与失信惩戒作为社会诚信建设的两个重要抓手,提出了要建立健全包括信用纠错修复、自新修复、主动修复等具体内容的信用修复机制和主体权益保护机制。当务之急,是要以抓铁有痕、踏石留印的决心和勇气,将这些具体顶层设计目标逐一落到实处。如此,失信惩戒和信用修复才能相得益彰地释放出助力社会诚信建设的强大正能量。

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