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历史教材是爱国主义教育的基石
2017-09-05 08:22:02 中国青年网
□本报记者毕诗春
今年1月,教育部下发了《关于在中小学地方课程教材中全面落实“14年抗战”概念的函》。此次教材的修改在今年春季秋季两个学期教材中均有所体现。日前,记者采访了哈尔滨师范大学附属中学历史教研组组长、岳麓版教材全国课程专家吕静。
“14年抗战,写入教材,是今年年初国家开始这项工作的。”吕静说,目前修改的教材主要集中在初中和高中历史教材中。初高中历史教材分为春秋两季,春季时高中教材变化较大,春季学期高中教材只涉及两本历史教材,为《历史必修Ⅱ经济成长历程》和《历史必修Ⅲ文化发展历程》。
“14年抗战”也同样被写进了初中历史教材,此次修改主要集中在今年秋季学期的八年级(上册)历史教材中呈现。据吕静介绍,今年秋季教材改动较大的是北京师范大学出版社出版的八年级(上)历史教材第四单元抗日战争这一部分内容。原有旧教材第四单元题目叫《伟大的抗日战争》,而新教材第四单元改名为《中华民族的抗日战争》。在单元引文介绍中,新教材加入“东北人民和东北军部分将士组成抗日义勇军,中华民族的局部抗战开始了。‘九一八事变’成为中国人民抗战的起点,揭开了世界反法西斯战争的序幕。”本段最后一句由原来的“全国各界群众掀起了声势浩大的抗日救亡热潮,中国进入艰难的局部抗战时期”改为“全国各界群众掀起声势浩大的抗日救亡运动”。旧教材中“经过全民族八年艰苦卓绝的殊死斗争”,新教材改成了“经过14年抗战,中国人民终于取得了抗日战争的伟大胜利。”在新教材最后一段,加入了一句话,“中国成为世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场,对世界反法西斯战争的胜利做出了重大贡献。”旧教材原有的第十七课,新教材的第十四课《中华民族到了最危险的时候》中关于《九一八事变》的介绍中,新书在第一自然段的最后又加上了一句“‘九一八事变’成为中国人民抗战的起点,揭开了世界反法西斯战争的序幕。”最重要的一个变动是,旧教材第四单元题中介绍聂耳的《不朽的民族战歌》被删去,换上了《抗日救亡运动的高潮》,这部分内容充分介绍了“一二·九运动”在中国近代史中的历史地位。
吕静说,教材的修改不仅仅是知识点的变化,新教材可以让学生们对“14年抗战”尤其是东北抗战这部分历史,有更直观和清晰的认知。历史教材是爱国主义教育的坚定基石,爱国主义教育要从基础教育阶段开始。
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