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卫承芳:一代醇儒三朝元老
2017-09-05 07:21:48 中国青年网
说到达州古代文职官员,官位最高的一个当属著名的一代廉吏卫承芳。卫承芳,字君大,号淇竹,明朝嘉靖二十一年(1542年)生于达县(现达州市达川区)亭子镇花园坝村一书香门第。现在亭子镇的花园坝叫作“文旌坝”,卫承芳的祖宅地称“阁老塆”。
卫承芳幼时勤学好思,聪颖过人。明隆庆丁卯年(1567年)参加乡试中举,次年参加廷试,赐进士出身,任吏部清吏司主事。明万历中期任温州知府,后调任山东参政,继而升任明朝留都(南京)鸿胪卿、光禄卿、右部副御史巡抚。卫承芳在任地方官员时,清正廉明,颇有政绩,后旋被召回京都任兵部侍郎,不久拜户部尚书成为“阁臣”,所以达州人皆尊称其为“卫阁老”。此后,卫承芳转任吏部尚书。
卫承芳所处的时期在明末,当时吏治腐败,卖官鬻爵,贿赂公行。卫承芳在升迁途中,地方官员大摆筵席以“迎风”,争相献上金银珠宝以奉承。卫承芳严令地方官员一律不准接送。他有时绕道三十里以避开地方官员的迎接,有时不通知地方官员到任时间,只带随从悄然赴任。到京任职后,其官高位显,巴结的人更多,馈送金银求官求职者络绎不绝,均被卫承芳拒之门外,避而不见。
卫承芳历经穆宗、神宗、光宗三朝,做官50余载,虽为朝廷重臣,但为政清廉,洁身自好,政绩卓著,除应得薪俸之外未索取一文。为表彰其功绩,明万历丁丑年(1617年)夏,朝廷下旨在达城正南街(今通川区翠屏路)以“一代醇儒,三朝元老”为其建一高大牌坊。不仅如此,他待人接物也十分正直,还非常关心他人疾苦。民国旧志说他“能容人之细过,救人之危难”,深受朝廷内外官员的敬重。他晚年回家时,看见明月江下游河床狭窄,洪水时常泛滥,他率从开河,搬石弃土,疏浚河道。
明天启五年(1625年),卫承芳病死任上,享年83岁,查其家产,居然无余钱办丧事,还是老家子孙变卖田产才迎柩回家,办毕丧事。
本报记者 徐莉莎 整理
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