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“数字空管”为飞行服务——我国新一代空中交通管理体系建设取得阶段化成果

2017-09-04 17:15:51   新华网

新华社北京9月4日电 题:“数字空管”为飞行服务——我国新一代空中交通管理体系建设取得阶段化成果

新华社记者齐中熙

随着智能手机的发展,“飞常准”、“航旅纵横”以及各大航空公司推出的一大波移动应用几乎成了经常出行人群必备软件。乘机、接送机看时间,用机场雷达看天气,看飞机实时位置——这些功能的实现,离不开后台日益先进的民航数据通信技术。

民航局空管局副局长马兵日前表示,经过十几年持续推进,我国大、中型机场实现了数字化自动航站情报服务和数字化放行服务。99座以上航空器适用率超过了97%,作为中国新一代空中交通管理体系的核心项目,数字空管集成系统建设取得了阶段性成果。

“民航强国,空管先行”

空管作为民用航空运行体系的中枢,在建设民航强国中担当着举足轻重的角色。

马兵介绍,当前,以先进的航空通信、航空导航和航空监视为核心技术的新一代空中交通管理系统已于2004年开始在全球实施。我国也于2007年开始规划发展新一代空中交通管理系统,估计将于2025年完成。根据中国民航发展“十三五”规划,中国民航将积极推进航空系统组块升级计划和亚太无缝空管计划,加快推进构建新一代空中交通管理系统。该系统中航空导航和航空监视技术的基础之一就是数据链通信技术。

当前数据链通信技术应用最为成熟的就是数字空管集成系统,包括数字化放行和数字化自动航站情报服务系统。这两项“黑科技”依靠数据链通信技术把飞行员与管制员直接联系起来,将航班起飞放行和航站情报服务由人工语音处理转为数字化处理,在提高管制员和飞行员工作效率,大幅减轻双方工作负荷的同时,增强了信息传递的安全性,降低了错、忘、漏发生概率。

据统计,使用传统语音方式放行一架航班平均需要100秒,而使用新系统平均只需要60秒。这些时间对于日均起降1000架次以上航班的繁忙机场显得尤为可贵,同时新系统还提高了放行服务安全性、可靠性。

  历时14年完成两期“数字空管”建设

近10年来,我国民航业运输总周转量实现了15%的年增长率,跃居世界第二,正处于从民航大国向民航强国迈进的进程。

2003年8月,亚太地区航行规划和实施小组第14次会议决定,将数据链飞行情报服务的应用作为在亚太地区实施新航行系统的关键性优先项目之一。2004年,民航局批示开展相关技术研究并尽快推广应用。2005年,民航局空管局开展了技术规范制定和项目申报工作,于2007年在全国流量排名前15位的空管单位启动了第一期数字空管工程项目。

马兵说,未来将基于更加先进的数字空管技术,实现地面对飞机运行的全程实时监视,克服传统雷达监视手段覆盖范围有限的弊端;实现飞行员对所处交通状况的实时感知,更加灵活地选择飞行航径。

“数字空管”建设任重道远

虽然我国数字空管集成系统建设取得了阶段性成果,但提高空中交通管理数字化技术水平,确保航空运行更精准、更安全、更环保是当下之重。

“数字空管与空管自动化系统、综合信息显示系统实现了数字化互通互联,极大地方便了工作。”民航重庆空管分局塔台管制员张健提出,希望进一步加大规模化应用程度,实现100%数字化管制服务。

马兵指出,提高空管服务水平没有终点。当前,“数字空管”建设还面临许多亟待解决的问题。下一阶段,民航空管将持续推进基于数据链通信技术的飞行安全全阶段数字化管制服务技术,逐步向覆盖飞行全阶段陆地密集航路的全面四维航迹运行(TBO)过渡。最终实现基于数据链通信技术的飞行全阶段数字化管制服务取代现有管制语音通信,成为管制运行的主要方式。

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