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中国“极限建造”巴西科考站

2017-09-05 04:21:42   中国青年网

“很显然对巴西人来说中国企业的生产能力太令人吃惊了,施工速度、质量、工厂的规模,这在巴西很难见到!”已派驻中国一年的巴方顾问马尔塔对中国企业的施工能力点了一个大大的赞,“在南极建站要求异常严苛,中国施工企业和中电团队做到了严肃对待。”

巴西海军少校、项目监理负责人何塞·科斯塔·多斯桑托斯评价说,在这次积极的合作中,两国共同利用各自的极地经验解决了问题,促进了项目的改善,未来寻求南极科学与技术研发合作的可能性始终存在。

(据新华社北京9月4日电)

释疑

如何实现“钟表级”施工?

——全装配式施工 搭积木般建房

费拉兹站采用的是全装配式建站模式,即内部是预制的集装箱功能模块,外层是现场安装的保温板,全部模块运至南极进行组装。

考虑到南极恶劣的环境和仅4个月的施工窗口,全装配式施工能把现场组装工作压缩到最少,又能保证建筑极高的保温与密闭要求,是近年来南极建站的主流方式。

——建筑信息模型 变平面为三维

全装配式体系怎么将建造的精确性发挥到极致呢?靠的就是建筑信息模型技术(BIM),通俗说就是把设计平面图三维化,先在电脑平台里建房。

清华大学建筑设计研究院极地建筑研究中心主任张翼对记者说,用BIM意味着真正实体加工之前,在立体三维平台模拟从结构到建筑一层层的关系,发现每一环节可能出现的失误或误差。

在扬州负责科考站集装箱装配的项目工程师黄必和也表示,以前用二维设计,工程师知道,工人不知道,要花费很多精力去解释。用BIM三维化,向工人解释的时间可减少20%。此外,BIM能自动生成料单,机器自动估算成本代替人工估算,也节省了一部分材料。

——实时性云平台 助力跨国沟通

建设近5000平方米的科考站,光是功能性的集装箱模块就有226个。沟通的障碍,摆在中国施工企业、巴西军方、巴西和葡萄牙设计方之间。中国企业创新借助实时性的云平台,将共享的软件资源和信息按需求提供给计算机和其他设备,各方在云平台看到了三维模拟的每一个部件、每一个螺丝、每一条打了胶的缝,极大地推进了施工审核、沟通、修改和签字敲定的过程,有效化解了设计施工中的对接问题。

可以说,正是中国企业从预制全装配、三维模拟,到云平台沟通过程中的环环相扣、脉脉相通,才能使“钟表级”精准度设计的费拉兹站最终从图纸变为现实。

(据新华社北京9月4日电)

在上海拍摄的巴西费拉兹站预拼装后的外观(8月25日摄)。新华社记者 张建松摄

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