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中国“极限建造”巴西科考站

2017-09-05 04:21:42   中国青年网

9月,随着中国企业预制施工阶段结束并完成预拼装验收,巴西费拉兹司令南极科考站(简称费拉兹站)重建所需设备和材料将从上海港装船,运往南极乔治王岛组装。作为中国企业承建的首个外国南极科考站,费拉兹站预计将于明年3月在南极乔治王岛落成,成为中巴这两个金砖国家的合作亮点。

中国企业“钟表级”施工

费拉兹站所在区域位于南纬62度,接近西风带,一年中平均6级以上的大风天达百分之六七十,中方项目组今年11月登岛时积雪预计在两三米左右……“在国内盖一个10万平方米的大楼,难度不及在南极建一个几千平方米的科考站。”曾17次去往南极,其中7次作为中国南极考察队领队的国家海洋局极地考察办公室原党委书记魏文良感慨道。

“巴西建站说白了是一个‘交钥匙工程’,人家一张图纸交给我们,我们要把它变成宏图落地于南极,无论是材料、设备、物流、现场组织,整个链条都由中国来承担。”

原费拉兹站建于1984年。2012年,一次发电机组故障引发的火灾使其付之一炬。重建中,安全问题始终是负责南极科考的巴西军方首要关切,随之而来的是各类严苛的标准要求。

费拉兹站联合设计方、负责结构和设备专业设计的葡萄牙公司AFAconsult首席执行官鲁伊·富尔塔多说,该站的设计如同精密的瑞士钟表制造,所有部件和系统必须要以高度精确的水平建造,才能和谐运作、发挥功能。

南极只有4个月的施工窗口,所有时间都要用来组装,所有一切都要提前准备和考虑。预制阶段哪怕几毫米误差的小瑕疵,也可能造成组装中的大麻烦。为实现现场100%顺利装配,中国企业必须拿出“钟表级”的建造和施工。

中国电子进出口总公司费拉兹站建设项目组经理曹虹说,鉴于设计的高精度,费拉兹站建设已经不是钢结构要求水平,而是机械加工精度要求,整个项目采用了先进的全装配式施工工艺和建筑信息模型技术。

打造南极合作“新样板”

魏文良表示,中国开展了30多年南极科学考察,无论是科学考察、站务管理、基础保障、建设和物流,在当今世界南极科考大军中都“是强者也是佼佼者”。今天南极考察任务越来越多,区域越来越广,如何利用商业性操作把资源用于科考,通过商业模式建站和维护,中方建设费拉兹站的过程中,对未来支撑极地科考的新模式进行了有效探索。

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