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特稿:中国承建巴西科考站 南极成中巴合作亮点

2017-09-04 15:55:52   新华网

新华社北京9月4日电 特稿:中国承建巴西科考站 南极成中巴合作亮点

新华社记者

9月,随着中国企业预制施工阶段结束并完成预拼装验收,巴西费拉兹司令南极科考站(简称费拉兹站)重建所需设备和材料将从上海港装船,运往南极乔治王岛组装。作为中国企业承建的首个外国南极科考站,因大火焚毁的费拉兹站即将“重生”,成为中巴这两个金砖国家的合作亮点。

中巴合作“水到渠成”

乔治王岛是南极洲的“地球村”。地理位置相对易达,又是延伸至南极大陆科考的跳板,这里集聚了40多个各国科考站,占南极科考站总数的一半还多。离费拉兹站建站地30海里之外,便是中国首个南极科考站——长城站。

谈及中国与巴西合作建设科考站,中国南极长城站、中山站与昆仑站总设计师、清华大学建筑设计研究院极地建筑研究中心主任张翼用“水到渠成”来形容。

“毫不谦虚地说,长城站是乔治王岛上最好的科考站,在那边的影响力非常大!”张翼说,长城站在设计阶段就充分考虑了施工便捷性,中国极地考察“十五”能力建设期间长城站扩建速度惊人。当时附近的韩国站也在更新,其他科考站询问:“为什么你们的施工人员只有韩国的三分之一甚至更少,而建设速度却要快得多?”

张翼说,2008年,中国在南极冰盖最高点、海拔超过4000米的冰穹A地区建设中国首个南极内陆考察站——昆仑站。当时,昆仑站与德国诺伊迈尔Ⅲ科考站不约而同首次采用一种新的“全装配式”建站模式,即内部是预制的集装箱功能模块,外层是现场安装的保温板,全部模块运至南极组装。

南极环境恶劣、运输遥远、现场支撑条件薄弱、人力短缺且可建设周期极短,在种种不利情况下,昆仑站建站模式既能把现场施工量压到最少,又能保证建筑极高的保温与密闭要求,是近年南极建站的主流方式。

中国在南极成功的实践经验坚定了其他国家寻求合作的信心,南美多国相继抛来“橄榄枝”,寻求中方帮助建站。2015年5月,中国电子进出口总公司击败多个国际竞标方,成功中标费拉兹站重建工程。

费拉兹站重建项目的设计方是来自巴西和葡萄牙的设计公司,采用的正是中国10年前开始应用的全装配式建造模式。该站总建筑面积约5000平方米,由226个集装箱式的模块组成,分东区、西区和技术区,配有实验室、设备用房、图书馆和生活娱乐等各类设施。

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