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“批阅十载”?“披阅十载”!
2017-09-03 03:10:49 中国青年网
《红楼梦》古籍版本图 光明图片/视觉中国
【求疵】
在某中央媒体刊发的《在变动不居中宁静自守》一文中,有一句这样的话:“不变,可以有很多种诠释。曹雪芹‘批阅十载,增删五次’,以惊人定力创作出巨著《红楼梦》,这是不变。”句中所引“批阅十载,增删五次”当为“披阅十载,增删五次”。
“披阅十载,增删五次”出自《红楼梦》第一回《甄士隐梦幻识通灵贾雨村风尘怀闺秀》:“后因曹雪芹于悼红轩中披阅十载,增删五次,纂成目录,分出章回,则题曰《金陵十二钗》。”道出了曹雪芹写作《红楼梦》时间之久以及写作之艰辛。
“披阅”就是翻阅,翻开书阅读。“批阅”指阅读的同时加以批示和修改。《现代汉语规范词典》在“批阅”“披阅”词条释义后都加以提示,两词互不相同。“批”有评定、审定义,如对下级的文件、别人的文章、作业等写下意见或批语。“披”有打开、翻阅义,如韩愈《进学解》中“手不停披于百家之编”。
曹雪芹《红楼梦》书稿初成后,第一批读者,是他身边的亲友。例如脂砚斋和畸笏叟,边阅读,边赞赏,边提出修改意见。“增删五次”不是虚言。《脂砚斋重评石头记》就是脂砚斋对《红楼梦》进行的批阅评点,而曹雪芹则根据各好友所提意见,一遍遍地翻阅,对初稿中的故事情节做了很多增删和调整。曹雪芹自己不会对自己的小说做“批阅”,如果是,也可能用化名,比如后人揣测的“脂砚斋”。
(作者:王殿雷)
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