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《中华人民共和国核安全法》出炉 如何构建“绝对安全”防线

2017-09-02 09:06:38   央广网

央广网北京9月2日消息(记者张棉棉 焦莹)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,十二届全国人大常委会第二十九次会议昨天(1日)下午在北京闭幕。会议经表决通过了《中华人民共和国核安全法》,将实行严格的标准、严密的制度、严格的监管、严厉的处罚。我国核能的“绝对安全”防线将如何被构建?

现阶段,我国作为核能、核技术利用大国,核电技术在建设运行56台,其中,运行36台,在建20台,总规模位居世界第三,在建规模位居世界第一。加快发展核能的同时,安全问题更加不容忽视。环保部核设施安全监管司司长、国家核安全局副局长郭承站介绍,目前,我国已经建立了一套既接轨国际又符合中国国情的法规标准体系,有一部法律、七部行政法规、29个部门规章、93个导则,“我国核能发展30多年来,至今还没有发生世界核事故分级表中二级以上的核事故或核事件,这个成绩在所有的有核国家中是处于较好水平的。”

在此基础上,为了更好的“依法治核”,也为了未雨绸缪,《核安全法》应运而生。郭承站表示,按照这次法案中明确的“安全第一”的根本方针和总书记提出的“理性、协调、并行”的安全观,确保核安全是核能、核技术发展的重要前提。有了《核安全法》,使核安全监管的事权、责任、分工更加明确,核工业主管部门、核安全监管部门、企业,甚至个人,都要共同承担法律赋予的责任,实现联防联控,共同保护我国的核安全。同时,也会进一步推进我国核安全监管能力建设,“与核安全相关的单位,特别是重点明确了核设施运营单位的主体责任以及第一责任,然后是发展部门的管理责任、工业部门的管理部门和监管部门的监管责任,包括地方相关政府所承担的一些安全责任。”

在新的法案中,首次将“核安全观”写入其中。郭承站说,这是要大力推进核领域相关事宜的公开透明和公众参与,重大的核安全事项要征求公众的意见,要以适当形式反馈,“业内碰到的‘谈核色变’和‘邻避问题’,就要靠我们公众宣传、信息公开,满足公众的知情权、参与权,才能予以化解,才能构建一个良好的核能、核技术发展的环境,也才能保证核能、核技术健康可持续地发展。”

在新的法案中,针对核安全的国际交流与合作,增加了防范和应对核恐怖威胁的规定。对此,郭承站解释称,核安全的概念本身从含义上讲,就包含“四个有效”,对核设施、核活动、核材料、核放射性物质进行有效的监控;对可能因为技术、人因、发生自然灾害导致核事故进行有效预防;对核事故的后果进行有效的缓解;对涉核人员和公众、生态进行有效保护,这当中就包含涉核反恐和安保。也就是说,国家的核安全不仅涉及国家安全,也涉及国际安全。因此,“核反恐”被专门提出,是充分体现了我们严格按照国际原子能机构相关法规,高标准发展核电的要求,“要推广我国核安全监管体系,就是要针对在国际合作中,我们要为了维护核安全。在国际核安全中首先是确保我国的核安全,同时还要阻止和防范涉核反恐,这也是核安全赋予的法律责任,也是我们承担的国际义务。”

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