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风筝载人,史上还真有记载

2017-09-02 05:56:05   中国青年网

电 视 剧《少年杨家将》中,这个风筝载人的镜头是有史实依据的。

在电视连续剧《少年杨家将》中,有个风筝载人的镜头,杨家将把两个人附在风筝上,并固定好,然后风筝借助风力,飞上了天,好像是飞过敌军大营,去搬救兵。

那么大个风筝,再加上两个人的体重,怎么就能被吹上天呢,不用想肯定注入了神话色彩。风筝的历史已经耳熟能详,中国的风筝是鲁班创造的,后来成为娱乐玩具。这里主要说说风筝载人,古代究竟有没有这么回事呢?

在北齐历史里,有关于载人风筝的最早记载。北齐的第一个皇帝高洋有计划地杀害拓跋和元氏两个家族的成员。正史是这样说的:他让人把死囚绑在作为翅膀的大竹席上,令他们由塔顶飞到地上,称“放生”。公元559年,是他在位的最后一年,他不断让死囚做载人风筝的实验。一位魏国王子随同风筝在空中飞翔达13公里远。《资治通鉴》叙述了这件事:高洋使元黄头与其他囚犯从金凤台各乘纸风筝(纸猫头鹰)向下飞。只有元黄头一人飞得远至紫陌,他在那里降落到地上。

东晋葛洪是著名的道教理论家、医学家、文学家。据考证,史上记载风筝载人的文字和葛洪有关,文中把葛洪称为大师:有人问这位大师关于登到高处冒着危险远行的道理时,这位大师说有人用枣心木为飞车,用牛皮带结在环剑上,以发动机器。还有人有这样的想法:制作五蛇、六龙和三牛,以对付“强风”而乘之,一直上升到20公里的高度。这个区域的风极其强劲,能胜过人的力量。不知哪位老师说,此风筝螺旋式向上飞,越飞越高,然后只需伸展两翅,不再拍打空气,就可以自行前进,因为它依靠强风滑行。

风筝载人的情形还被马可·波罗写在游记里。当一只船决定起航前,船主就用一条绳子把八个角的柳筐绑住,接着找来一个傻瓜或醉鬼,把他们绑在筐里,因为他们不会意识到自己所面临的危险。这件事只有等到有大风的时候才能干。到时候劲风会把载人的柳条筛筐送上天空,而地上的人就握住长绳。假如空中的筛子偏离了风向,下面的人把绳子拉一下,这样筛筐就飞得高一些。如此反复,最后就是放绳子。如果筐子飞不起来,是没人愿意乘船的。这当然是迷信,也很危险。但是这个记录其实说的便是风筝载人的原理。

现代,人们也进行了载人风筝的飞行。欧洲人巴登·鲍威尔在1894年做了一些载人的试验之后,欧洲的海军和陆军中出现了用来进行观察的载人风筝。

这么看来,电视剧中的风筝载人也是有依据的。

本报记者 郭志英

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