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那一代读书人随身携带的“故乡”

2017-09-01 16:01:04   中国青年网

《名联观止》

梁羽生

北京大学出版社

《名联观止》

梁羽生

北京大学出版社

蔡辉

梁羽生是著名武侠作家,在他一生中,嘱托儿子要保护好的唯一一本书,竟是这本《名联观止》。书中收的是梁先生的专栏文章,皆与对联有关。

对联是雕虫小技,专栏更属信手为之,何必如此郑重?这就需要一番品味。

以陈寅恪先生当年出的那道著名的“高考题”为例,上联是“孙行者”,下联人们已知是“胡适之”,其实“孙”与“胡”对不上,音律亦不谐,故梁羽生认为对“祖冲之”更佳。

梁羽生是金应熙的弟子,金是陈寅恪的弟子,则陈应属梁的师祖,梁羽生岂敢挑战他?有学者撰文,称陈寅恪当年出此题,是受苏东坡诗“前生恐是卢行者,后学过呼韩退之”启发,卢行者即六祖慧能(俗姓卢),韩退之即韩愈,而韩卢又是名犬的名字。陈寅恪拆猢狲(猴子)为“胡”对“孙”,应是一种调侃。

梁羽生曾当面问陈寅恪,陈寅恪也回答说幽默而已。

乍一看,此谜已破。但如此解读,失于肤浅。

首先,行者的行发音如杏,则此联平仄连“二四六分明”都没做到。其次,卢是黑色,韩是名犬产地,两字各有意思,而猢狲二字不可分,则拆开是说不通的。

难道陈寅恪犯错了?其实很可能是我们不够幽默。陈寅恪曾写过一篇著名论文,指出六祖慧能“菩提本非树”的偈子文意不通,而六祖历来被认为是禅宗集大成者,似在挖苦胡适自命为哲人,其实对东西方哲学都不太懂。至于韩愈,则“文起八代之衰”,胡适自认为是白话文学开创者,可与韩愈一比。

陈寅恪其实暗藏了草蛇灰线,他曾说:“有正反合之说,当时唯冯友兰君一人能通解者。”这是一段典故。胡适写过《中国哲学史》上卷,但再无下卷,后冯友兰完成《中国哲学史》,但冯认为胡适开创之功不可没。陈寅恪的话,指明六字联暗含的深意。

陈寅恪的诗被戏称为“哑谜诗”,往往嵌套进几层意思,没有梁羽生这番解读,后人断难品出。

可能有人会说:于生计毫无用处,都是酸文假醋,知道它做甚?

确实,近代以来,学问多为实用而设,但凡玄远、模糊一点的,皆被边缘化。可人生于世间,并不只为有用而活,他还有更丰富的侧面,太实用了,往往会封闭人的灵性。

从历史的角度看,梁羽生那一代读书人经历了太多颠沛,他们的生活、信仰、理想、坚守曾一次次被粉碎,可他们却始终保持着一份温情与敬意。因为他们有一片不同的故乡,那是祖先们数千年积累下的语言与韵律,即使此岸的灯光已经暗淡,他们依然不会动摇,因为没有人能剥夺走随身的故乡,那片文化江山中最终会抵消肉身所承受的种种折磨。

当失明的陈寅恪先生为躲避轰炸,蜷缩在防空洞中,依然能戏撰一联:“见机而作,入土为安。”作为后辈,怎能不高山仰止、自惭形秽?

十分惭愧,我远远做不到完全读懂这本《名联观止》,毕竟高考早已没有对联题。旧风度正在消失,新精神尚未丰满,对于遥望坚守者的丧家者,本书该算是一种抚慰。

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