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报告称集束炸弹造成的伤亡人数再度上升

2017-09-01 09:05:57   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 刘素云):国际地雷和集束炸弹监测组织8月31日在日内瓦发布《2017年集束炸弹监测报告》。报告指出,集束炸弹的使用主要集中在叙利亚、也门的冲突地区,集束炸弹在全球造成的伤亡人数再度上升。与此同时,共有28个《国际禁用集束炸弹公约》缔约国销毁了140万枚库存集束炸弹,占到所有集束弹药的97%。

集束炸弹是一种内含多个“子炸弹”的母弹,通过火炮、火箭发射或飞机投掷,在空中释放出“子炸弹”。一般情况下,一枚母弹可以携带80枚到600枚“子炸弹”,打击范围可以覆盖一个足球场大小,具有非常大的杀伤力。《国际禁用集束炸弹公约》于2008年12月获得通过,2010年8月1日生效,公约明确禁止缔约国生产、使用、储存或转让集束炸弹。迄今,已有119个国家签署了这一公约。

国际地雷和集束炸弹监测组织每年都会发布一份有关公约执行情况的监测报告。联合国裁军研究所主任雅莫•塞利瓦在日内瓦举行的新闻发布会上介绍说:“这是第八版集束弹药监测报告,提供了最新的有关全球集束弹药的总体情况,包括禁止集束弹药的政策,集束弹药的使用、生产、交易、储存、污染及清除、造成的伤亡情况、受害者的救助等。”

报告指出,集束炸弹的使用主要集中在叙利亚、也门的冲突地区。在过去一年,集束炸弹共造成971例人员伤亡,其中98%都是平民。而实际的伤亡数字可能还要高。此外,在过去一年中,以前未爆炸的遗留集束炸弹还导致100多人死亡或受伤。报告起草者之一、国际地雷和集束炸弹监测组织专家洛伦•佩西说:“我们记录到的数字是,在10个国家中,集束炸弹共造成971人伤亡,这是自2009年集群弹药监测报告发布以来,排在第二高位的年度伤亡数字,与上次即2103的数字非常相近,大约也是1000人。”

报告同时指出,正在有越来越多的国家开始批准和执行《国际禁用集束炸弹公约》。2016年,共有28个缔约国销毁了140万枚库存集束炸弹,占到所有集束弹药的97%。监测报告起草者之一玛丽•韦勒姆女士说:“我们仍然有一些好消息。去年共有140万枚库存集束炸弹被销毁,包含有1.75亿个‘子炸弹’。这些被销毁的集束炸弹再也不能使用了。”

报告还强调,持续的冲突和不安全感是消除集束炸弹的主要障碍。

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