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美国智库战略与国际研究中心日前发布《科技胖龙——中国创新力基准报告》,剖析中国近10年来的创新水平。“美国之音”8月31日报道称,这份报告肯定过去10年中国的创新力正在逐年增长,但称中国还不是一个科技超级大国,认为中国科技创新存在“虚胖”。对此,科技与战略风云学会会员陈经8月31日在接受《环球时报》记者采访时说,这份报告的内容有客观的部分,但也存在有失偏颇的内容。中国科技创新的“胖龙”其实骨骼已经长得很好,在诸多领域都实现了弯道超车。
“美国之音”称,总体来说,该报告将中国在创新领域的成绩归纳为“还不错”。中国通过强大的制造业和巨大市场提供的机会在创新领域一点点地积累着进步。但作者斯科特·肯尼迪给报告起这个特别的名字有他的用意。他说,称中国为“科技胖龙”的原因就在于,中国花很大的人力、资源、金钱、时间和政府政策在创新上,但是创新的效率不高。
肯尼迪列举中国科技“虚胖”的表现说,中国花在研发上的经费处于历史最高水平,但85%的资金都集中在开发上,鲜有资金用于基础科学研究。中国申请专利的数字直线上升,甚至拥有世界上申请专利最多的公司——华为,但中国专利创造的总价值不高。该报告称,美国经济的规模为中国的6倍,但专利创收率在中国的100倍以上。
陈经对《环球时报》记者说,这篇报告承认中国对科研的重视,注意到中国投入大量资源进行科技研发,而且科技创新力的发展正使中国迈入世界先进国家行列,这是这篇报告的亮点。而报告所说“中国科研投入虽多,但产出效率有些问题”,的确是中国现阶段存在的情况。
但对于有关专利的说法,陈经有不同看法。他认为,报告在中美的对比口径上出现问题。美国的科技研发历史明显比中国长,从而沉淀很多专利。而中国科技研发只有近几十年的积累,以美国的存量专利与中国的增量专利相比较是不合理的。“仅就当前阶段中国科技界所取得的成果与欧美发达国家相比,是不差的。”陈经对《环球时报》记者说,中国在很多领域其实已经走在世界最前沿,比如IT技术。在新型能源、量子通信等领域,中国科技研发取得的成就也在全球首屈一指。这篇报告没有提及中国在很多重大科技领域业已取得的成就,显得有些片面。
环球时报驻美国特约记者 迪文 环球时报记者倪浩
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