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“落霞”是什么“蛾子”

2017-09-01 08:36:15   中国青年网

这些年常看到奇怪到匪夷所思的考证,让人觉得大脑和阑尾一样,多余得像“沙漠里的割草机”。且举几个例子:没上过大学的农民破解了全部甲骨文,十几岁的小孩子在古玩市场上集齐中国历代货币,年轻女子揭开耶稣东来的惊天秘密……

曾经流行古诗词解读纠正,弄得我这个酷爱唐诗宋词的人无限惶恐,进而怨恨起大学教材和老师来,因为他们都教错了。纠正的著名例子,第一要算“天子呼来不上船”。据说这“船”是衣领,李白“不上船”,是故意不扣好衣领,显得潇洒。杜诗“床头屋漏无干处”也是一个著名案例。据说“屋漏”不是主谓结构“屋里漏雨”,而是个名词,指房屋西北角。还有一例是《滕王阁序》的“落霞与孤鹜齐飞”。据说“落霞”是一种蛾子,野鸭在空中追着蛾子吃,所以蛾子非得“齐飞”不可。

做学问难,做前人做过几千遍的学问更难。你能想到的,别人通常也能想到;前人说了,你就不能再说。要别出新义,除非你是绝世天才,五百年才出一个的那种,否则必须下一番死功夫。然而下死功夫很累不说,还“效率低”,赚不到钱也赚不到名。于是有人“别出心裁”了——在他们眼中这也简单,只要胆子够肥。举个例子:床固然是睡觉的家伙,可牙床也是床,河床也是床,机床车床也是床,那么,“床前明月光”,为什么不可以是照在牙花子上,照在河边,或者照在车间里呢?倘是第一种情况,李白睡不着觉想家,显然是因为牙疼。倘是第二种情况,李白半夜在河边徘徊,不是想投水是什么?至于第三种情况,那是写出了工人日夜劳作不得歇息的痛苦,这境界不是比李白独自想家要高尚得多?

大学老师告诉我,喜欢戴假发、穿黄裙子的杨贵妃38岁在马嵬坡被缢死,“义髻抛河里,黄裙逐水流。”可是日本人喜欢她,舍不得她死于非命,便有传说,玉环女士实不曾死,被怜香惜玉者救下,坐船逃到日本去了。我读宋人笔记,发现宋人做学问成风,像这样语不惊人死不休者也真不少。吴曾精于考辨,又来自江西——江西以考据学著称,他的《能改斋漫录》是宋人笔记中的顶尖之作。然而其中就说:“落霞非云霞之霞,盖南昌秋间有一种飞蛾,若今所在麦蛾是也。当七八月间,皆纷纷堕于江中,不究自所来,江鱼每食之,土人谓之霞,故勃取以配鹜耳。”也许南昌人真把飞蛾叫“落霞”,但山西人王勃不知道是大概率;王勃到南昌参加滕王阁宴会,来去匆匆,主人想不到告诉他飞蛾的当地称呼是大概率,除非被追得无路可逃的蛾子正好扑到王勃脸上。

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