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金砖银行计天下利 为“大金融”谋新篇

2017-09-01 08:25:55   中国青年网

■陆忠伟

在金砖合作进入第二个10年之际,金砖国家领导人第九次会晤将于9月3日至5日在厦门举行。展望未来10年,已蓄积了充足能量的“金砖”,将会成长得更加厚实,绽放出更加耀眼的光芒。

作为金砖国家创新金融发展的机构,金砖国家新开发银行(NDB)开业两年来的表现尤为值得关注。金砖银行“计天下利”的定位、“朝南”的定向,以及注重“造血”、兼顾“活血”的定性,使之发挥政策性金融杠杆功能,以助力可持续增长与培育新经济增长点为天职,故而被广大发展中国家视为新融资来源和新合作模式。

贷款规模将逐年攀升

五国借助“币缘”合作,为国际经济中的“金融弱势群体”服务,实乃对战后由发达国家掌控多边与区域开发金融机构的再平衡及有效补充; 折射五国高层对金融兼具战略性、商业性意义的高度认识及主动作为。它表明,“崛起的大国能绕过由西方主导、类似世界银行的机构来实现目标”。

金砖合作渐次实心化、制度化,亦是藉由金砖银行平台,通过宏观政策协调及扶持战略性产业、配套基础设施建设等融资业务实现。据匡算,该行2016年的贷款规模为15亿美元,2017年将实现翻番,攀至30亿美元;随着资金供给与融资需求的同步扩大,金砖银行贷款规模将逐年攀升。

金砖合作应同舟共济

金砖国家合作迎来第二个“黄金十年”之际,国际金融风向已然生变:美联储渐进加息定格、欧央行退出量宽(QE)迹象明显;大西洋两岸的量宽红灯,势将导致全球流动性水位剧降,增大世界经济不确定性。金砖合作,激流行舟,不进则退,故应同舟共济,谋定后动,写好“大金融”新篇章。

发展有后劲,活水应丰沛。发展中国家基础设施投资缺口巨大:专家估计每年达1万亿至1.5万亿美元;为此,应发挥金砖银行保本微利、长期稳定及可持续融资机制作用;坚持脱虚向实,扎根实体本源,将更多金融资源配置到该行五年总体战略所规划的基础设施建设等领域。

基础要坚实,反应须快捷。用好应急储备安排(CRA)下设的预防基金和短期国际收支平衡援助基金两大机制,使之发挥类似国际货币基金组织(IMF)的应急作用,通过货币互换,提供不附带任何政治条件的流动资产,以有效抵御大宗商品波动,及时熨平资金流动波动。

开源兼合流,渠道须多元。推动金砖国家的双边金融活动,借鉴中国、巴西扩大产能合作基金(200亿美元)做法,引导建立更多同类基金。此外,调动五国沉睡的社会和公共资本,组建国际财团,用于新能源、可再生能源、信息技术、高性能计算、纳米技术及环保等投资项目。

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