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腹胀、全身痒、难入睡 小心骨髓纤维化找上你

2017-08-30 05:51:28   中国青年网

骨髓纤维化相对于它的“近亲”白血病来说,知名度并不算高,但是得了骨髓纤维化之后,病人晚期的生存质量甚至比白血病还要低,脾脏肥大、骨头疼痛、肌肉酸痛,连呼吸都特别费力。

近日,浙江省医师协会血液学会会长、浙大一院血液科主任金洁教授接受了钱江晚报记者的采访,她告诉记者,骨髓纤维化虽然不属于白血病,但是得病十年以上可能部分病人会转化为急性白血病,而它初期没有特定的症状,等到发现时往往已经处于了晚期。

“骨髓纤维化是增殖性肿瘤中的一种。”金洁说,医学界对它的诱因并不明确。

早期由于症状不明显往往被病人所忽略,晚期有很多症状,“最常见的是脾脏肿大、肚子胀、一吃饭就饱了,医学上叫做‘早饱’。”金洁告诉钱江晚报记者,除此之外,有的病人还会出现盗汗、骨头疼痛、瘙痒、乏力、注意力不集中等症状。

该怎么发现骨髓纤维化?在普通体检的血常规就可以看出问题,另外,通过B超发现脾脏肿大也是对它定性的一个重要诊断。

最主要的是,当出现不明原因的消瘦、盗汗、皮肤瘙痒、乏力等情况时,千万不要一厢情愿的认为这只是普通的身体不适,而要到正规医院做检查,早诊断,早治疗。

发现了病情后该怎么治疗?在金洁教授看来,这是骨髓纤维化病人们痛苦的一点——治愈率不高,生活质量低下。

“唯一的治愈方法是骨髓移植,但是骨髓纤维化后,全身情况太差,即使移植了成功率也不高,恢复也不容易。”除了骨髓移植之外,干扰素、激素、沙利度胺、羟基脲可以缓解部分症状,是目前常用的治疗方法,但是存在一定的副作用,比如发热、向心性肥胖、便秘、嗜睡等,并且这些药物的疗效有限。

骨髓纤维化的中位生存时间依据危险度不同而不同,国外报道中危组生存时间21.3年,高危患者生存期仅为4.8年,在得病后接受治疗的这段时间里,病人不仅要忍受着身体上的痛苦,还要承受心理上的压力。

怎么改善这些病人的生活质量?金洁告诉钱江晚报记者,可以通过强效、高选择性的JAK1/2抑制剂,针对骨髓纤维化的发病机制,下调JAK-STAT信号通路,达到靶向治疗的目的。据悉,诺华制药长期致力于骨髓纤维化患者的关怀,并新上市了芦可替尼靶向作用药物。“2013年时,我们在临床对14例病人进行新药试验,他们的生活质量都有了很大提高。”金洁举例道,“有一位36岁的男病人,当时脾脏非常大,特别的疼,经过治疗后脾脏明显缩小,后来甚至还和老婆生了个孩子。”而如果沿用过去的治疗方法,这样的效果是医生以及病人都没法想象到的。 张苗 金微微

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