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“集体用地建租赁房”让居者有其屋

2017-08-30 04:16:43   中国青年网

最大的好处是极大地降低住房成本,以满足中低阶层住房需要为原则,符合国家“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”大方向,让居者有其屋

□ 胡建兵

国土资源部、住房和城乡建设部日前印发《利用集体建设用地建设租赁住房试点方案》。方案提出,为增加租赁住房供应,缓解住房供需矛盾,构建购租并举的住房体系,建立健全房地产平稳健康发展长效机制,国土资源部会同住房和城乡建设部根据地方自愿,确定第一批在北京、上海、沈阳、南京、杭州、合肥、厦门、郑州、武汉、广州、佛山、肇庆、成都等13个城市开展利用集体建设用地建设租赁住房试点(8月29日人民网)。

试点方案明确提出,村镇集体经济组织可以自行开发运营,也可以通过联营、入股等方式建设运营集体租赁住房。集体租赁住房出租,应遵守相关法律法规和租赁合同约定,不得以租代售。承租的集体租赁住房,不得转租。该规定意味着利用村里的土地也可以建房,然后出租给城市人或者在周边企业打工的人员。房地产租赁化是大势所趋,现在很多大城市土地紧张,能用来做建设用地的土地越来越少,也没有太多的土地用来建设租赁房。“集体用地建租赁房”最大的好处是极大地降低住房成本,以满足中低阶层住房需要为原则,符合国家“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”大方向,让居者有其屋。

当下,房价高企,很多人就是一辈子不吃不喝也不见得能够买得起房,而如果在外面租房,租金也相当高。特别是对于一些外出打工者,他们把工资的大部分用于租房的话,生活会相当困难。“集体用地建租赁房”可以让出租房数量大幅度增加,也可以让租金有所下降,更可以吸引更多的企业到城乡接合部投资,改善当地居住环境。另外,出租房多了,也能让一些原本急需购房的人有一个缓冲期,暂时不用购房,等房价降下来,最终使更多的人居者有其屋。当然,“集体用地建租赁房”也可以发挥集体建设用地的价值,增加乡镇村集体的收入,集体经济得以发展壮大。

国家法律规定,农村集体建设用地上建房的主体是村集体经济组织,房屋产权也属于农村集体经济组织,不能转让,不能改变性质。“集体用地建租赁房”因此应慎之又慎,选择试点的集体用地既不能选择已挂牌的违法违规项目,又能满足房屋租赁的市场需求,还要符合城乡建设规划条件。譬如:规划中是产业用地的,就不能变成居住用地;属于基本农田的,更不能用于建造出租房。此外,集体经济组织本身也要有建造租赁屋的意愿才行,而且还要具备一定资金实力。因为集体建设用地建成租赁房后,靠租金收益回收成本比较缓慢,前期建设资金压力会很大。如果集体没有实力,靠拆借资金盖租赁房屋,可能让集体经济组织背负沉重的负担,反而影响集体经济的发展壮大。

另外,集体建设用地盖租赁房后,要建立健全收益分配机制。如果产权不明确,土地流转的收益最终可能落不到村民手中;如果不明确收益分配,不能让集体组织成员从中获利,贸然推动集体土地建租赁用房,很可能会产生更大的经济、法律和社会问题。而一旦土地收益、出租房租赁收入分配不公,则可能引起当地群众的不满,引发社会矛盾,影响当地社会稳定,也使租房者不得安宁。

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