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“科学”号考察卡罗琳海山后返航

2017-08-30 04:16:41   中国青年网

据新华社“科学”号8月29日电 中国新一代远洋综合科考船“科学”号圆满完成对西太平洋卡罗琳海山的考察任务,于29日凌晨开始返航。本航次采集到的生物样品中涉及许多未知新物种。

此前人类从未探索过这一海山。据航次首席科学家徐奎栋介绍,本航次中,科考船上的“发现”号遥控无人潜水器共下潜15次,对卡罗琳海山东、南、西、北四侧,以及东侧海岭和山顶都进行了精细调查,共采集到深海巨型及大型底栖生物样品近400个、170多种,涉及许多未知新物种,此外还采集了大量岩石和沉积物样品等。其中一些生物样品非常罕见,包括多个高度超出1米的海绵和珊瑚,以及非常难采集到的“深海小飞象”(烟灰蛸属章鱼)等。

科考队员通过调查发现,卡罗琳海山曾是处于海面以上的岛屿,在板块运动过程中逐渐下沉成为海山。在海山西侧发现,这里不同于一般海山的高生物量和高生物多样性特征,仅见极少量生物,这主要是因为海山频繁滑坡造成生物的生活环境被破坏。在海山东侧的海岭上发现了成片的“珊瑚林”和“海绵场”,这是首次在西太平洋寡营养深海底发现“珊瑚林”和“海绵场”。

卡罗琳海山位于地球最深处——马里亚纳海沟南侧,雅浦海沟东侧。这座海山是平顶海山,最高处距离海平面约28米,山顶部是一个椭圆形盆地。

“科学”号在返航途中(8月29日摄)。新华社发

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