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北大博导的科学课,这次上给孩子听

2017-08-29 09:00:34   央广网

下个月起,按照教育部要求,全国一年级学生的课程表上,将会增加一门新的必修课——科学课。

“这是好事。越早进入科学的世界,孩子的感受会越不一样。”《知识分子》联合主编、清华大学教授鲁白告诉科技日报记者,“科学”不仅是知识,它是思考方式和生活方式,更是一种“修养”。“这一代孩子长大后,肯定和我们不一样。”

家住上海的10岁女孩小叶子对科学课已经不陌生了。她是《知识分子》团队推出的音频科普课《科学队长》的忠实听众。8月22日,她和妈妈专门来到北京,当了回北京大学博士生导师、北大分子医学研究所研究员刘颖的学生,上了堂生物课。

课上,小叶子和其他十几个小学生一起,通过一个实验,琢磨淀粉、酵母、糖和水该如何搭配,才能产出更多二氧化碳。刘颖老师的三位博士生成为孩子们的助教,负责满足孩子们的各类要求——“我要加水”“我这里要糖”“老师,给我淀粉!”

这是《科学队长小学版》视频课的线下预演。参照教育部《小学科学课程标准》设计大纲,《科学队长小学版》邀请真正的科学家为孩子授课,带领他们进入“智识生活”。

刘颖就是小学版生命科学课的科学导师。29岁就当了博导的她,觉得跟孩子上课也是另一种挑战。“他们的问题比博士生还多,也能给我很多启发。”在她看来,科学是让孩子认识和理解世界的方法。“我希望孩子们最后会发现,这个世界是可以被科学解释的。”

大科学家给孩子开的课程有何不同?

至少从班级起名上就别具一格。刘颖的科学课为分组上课,小学六个年级分别用六位大科学家的名字命名:达尔文、赫胥黎、孟德尔、沃森、法布尔和克里克。除了看线上直播课,孩子还可以自主报名参加实践课题,组成在线学习小组,分工协作。课程配套的还有“实验盒子”,里面有十种教具,家长可以在家里鼓捣出一个小型试验台。

“《科学队长小学版》是对学校科学教育的补充。”鲁白说,传统的学校教育以课堂形式为主,老师讲、学生听,更重视知识传授而非能力和素养的培育。“人活着,要感受美好、追求幸福,发展自己的兴趣。这是我们的教育理念中很缺乏的一块。”

学科学,不是学其表面。“批判精神、独创性,这些都是科学家特质。”鲁白认为,这样的特质,恰恰是学校教师难以传达的,又正是科学家的优势。“所以,科学家应该深度参与和介入科学教育。”

中国教育科学研究院副研究员、教科版《科学》教材主编郁波认为,对科学性质的理解是对科学理解的核心。如果教师不懂得科学的内涵,不懂得科学与其它学科的差别,就不能真正教好科学课。如果不能把科学知识的学习寓于科学实践的过程之中,寓于科学史和科学与社会关系的情境之中,它就会长期停留在以识记符号为特征的“应试教育”阶段。

“中小学老师不做科学研究,他们很难了解科研的痛苦与幸福。”鲁白说,让科学家给孩子讲科学,重点是带给学生对科学不一样的感受。“我们的主要目的不是传授知识,而是尽量把课程变得有趣。如果上科学课就跟看电影一样愉悦,why not?”鲁白说。(记者 张盖伦)

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