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中青报:教育资源不足掀起了“拒收风波”

2017-08-29 09:39:47   中国青年网

近日,山东临沂发生了一起“拒收风波”。170余名小升初学生持入学通知书到临沂市二十一中报名,却被告知“人数超额”,无法入学。争议过后,事件最终以扩充班级的方式收场,但是,若不解决这起事件背后的普遍问题,类似事件恐怕还会继续发生。(齐鲁网8月27日)

初中教育属于九年义务教育范畴,在事发地临沂,教育局采取的是学区制就近原则,如本学区学校名额已满,则向其他学区分流。然而,由于作为分流目标学校的临沂市二十一中也已满额,才酿成了这起“拒收风波”。困境的症结,显然在于小升初人数与初中名额总数的差距——当地罗庄街道片区中学仅能容纳1500人,而该街道小学毕业生却多达2436人。根据当地教育局和学校的说法,这一巨大差距的根源,是目标学校师资力量的不足。

因此,这场冲突表象之下的问题核心,其实是学区制下,教育资源的分配困境。

探索学区制的初衷,是强化义务教育阶段的公平性。如果教育资源不够分配,或分配不当,就必然有人会吃亏,公平性也无从谈起。学区制是国际教育界经过长期探索,形成的较为先进的教育制度,有利于打破少数学校垄断生源、平衡学校质量,因此才在中国得到了尝试与推广。然而,在现有国情下,教育资源的供给不一定能及时跟上制度改革的步伐。因此,只有努力增加教育资源,才能让学区制度更适应实际情况,“持入学通知书被拒收”这样的戏码才不会再度上演。

在择校传统根深蒂固,少数初中垄断多数资源的当下,平衡教育资源的改革必然困难重重。但是,该为这些困难埋单的,不该是等待入学的学生和他们的家长。如果不打破教育资源“僧多粥少”的固有局面,学区制改革注定只能停留在表面。

说回临沂“拒收”风波。学校给出的解决方案固然暂时解决了问题,但也不是长久之计。眼下,学生们已面临着缺乏师资、校舍不足等问题,而随着城市人口逐渐增加,小升初人数日益膨胀,难道要未来的每个学生都经历一场类似的风波吗?显然不行。令人欣慰的是,发生此事的罗庄区正在筹划建设更多学校,算是在增加教育资源方面迈出了第一步。但是,新建学校能否获得足够资源分配?能否保证学生的教育质量?这些问题仍需时间检验。

教育,对于任何社会都是至关重要的事情。面对教育问题,无论是政策先行,还是亡羊补牢,都需抓住症结,釜底抽薪。“拒收”风波只是教育资源分配问题的一个突出点。唯有从根本打破教育资源不足的困局,努力创造更多教育资源,并着力加以平衡,才是真正对教育、对孩子、对社会负责的表现。

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