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张立宽:“六轮驱动”助力新能源消纳

2017-08-29 09:17:22   中国经济网

推进技术创新 提升设备可靠性

持续推进新能源技术创新,加快电力系统灵活性建设是解决当前新能源消纳问题的重中之重。对于新能源电源侧,要加强在产品设计、质量控制、运维管理等方面的不足,加强微观、局地、极端气象技术预测预报,做到关口前移,提高对风况、光照、来水发电功率预测精度,努力保障新能源机组的稳定运行。

对于电网输送方面,要突破并网控制技术、多能互补技术、精准负荷控制技术、分布式与微电网等电网核心技术,提升大电网平衡能力;微电网在能源可靠性、能源易获取、能源独立和能源成本优化四个方面拥有突出优势,可利用能源灵活性优化能源结构和电网平衡,优化能源成本,实现新能源的自给消费,以便能够部分或全部取代主电网提供的能源。当主电网遇到重大问题时,微电网能够快速解耦,并仍然可以继续从地方电源供电,增强了用电的可靠性和灵活性。

 完善市场机制 实现低成本消纳

建立有利于打破省际壁垒、促进新能源跨区跨省消纳的电价机制,建立新能源接受地区与输出地区的利益补偿机制,有序放开跨区输电通道送受电计划,鼓励在更大范围内实现市场化竞争,进而建立跨区域新能源增量现货交易机制。

通过现货市场,发挥大规模新能源发电边际成本低的优势,通过边际低成本实现优先调度、中长期交易通过现货市场交割,通过现货市场的价格信号引导发电企业主动调峰,优化统筹全网调节资源,促进新能源消纳。

通过建设辅助服务市场,在发电环节制定各类新能源参与调峰、调频、备用等辅助服务长效机制,激发常规电源参与调峰积极性,享受相应的辅助服务收益;充分利用需求侧响应资源,建立需求侧参与市场化辅助服务补偿机制。

加强制度建设 做好顶层设计

首先,制定有利于新能源消纳的跨省跨区联络线管理考核办法。目前国家规定的接网费用补贴办法难以适应网间电量交换的需要,迫切需要建立跨省、跨区联络线建设核准办法及投资回报机制,充分考虑风电特性及消纳问题,制定有利于风电消纳的跨省跨区联络线管理考核办法。

其次,建立有利于新能源发展的“政网源用”联动机制。新能源并网及消纳是一个系统工程,需要政府、电网、电源、用户四方共同建立一个联动机制,有利于实现新能源规划和电网规划的有效衔接,科学制定新能源布局规划和建设计划,使电源本体和并网工程同步设计、同步核准、同步建设和同步投产,实现电网和新能源协调发展。

三是完善法律体系和政策标准。我国于2006年实施的《可再生能源法》已确立总量目标、可再生能源强制上网、上网电价、费用分摊和专项资金五项制度,但制度落实并不乐观;当前,亟需细化法律条文,提高可操作性,促进利益相关方按照详细可循的具体规定履行自己的义务。

总之,解决新能源科学合理消纳需多管齐下、综合施策,需要全社会各界形成共识,群策群力、多措并举;当前,我们欣喜地看到,2016年下半年以来通过各方努力,风光水弃用和新能源消纳问题有所好转,相信通过全社会坚持不懈的共同努力,新能源消纳越来越向好发展。

(作者为中国煤炭数据交易中心首席分析师)

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