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张立宽:“六轮驱动”助力新能源消纳

2017-08-29 09:17:22   中国经济网

日前,国家能源局通报,能源局会同相关地区能源主管部门、电网企业采取了一系列有针对性的措施,推动弃水弃风弃光弃水问题取得明显好转,上半年弃风率、弃光率分别下降了7个和4.5个百分点。

毋庸置疑,实现我国能源转型,新能源科学合理消纳是根本,必须着力解决电网调峰、电力外送和市场机制三大难题,是一项复杂的系统工程,需要相关方多措并举、多管齐下。笔者认为,当前,必须从电源、电网、负荷、技术、市场、政策等六方面实施“六轮驱动”,打出一系列“组合拳”,才能从根本上实现新能源科学合理消纳,彻底解决饱受诟病的弃风弃光弃水难题。

优化电源结构 合理布局新能源

新能源发电不同于传统成熟的发电模式,由于其技术新发展快,在产品设计、质量控制、管理运维等方面还存在不同程度的不足,2016年平均每台非计划停运3.28次,海上风电则达到10次以上。由于风光能源具有时段性和间歇性,要实现各时段各季节全部消纳,电网系统就要具备较大的可调用负荷储备和实时调节容量,必然增加调峰成本和输电成本。因此,实现总体消纳要根据各区域市场空间、存量情况和增量规划,确定不同时期新能源合理消纳目标比例;特别是要以需求为导向,加强源网荷三者间规划和运行的协调性,实现常规能源和新能源的合理配比和协调运行。

建设特高压智能电网 助推新能源输送与消纳

特高压是指交流1000千伏、直流±800千伏及以上的电压等级,它能大大提升我国电网的输送能力。我国的特高压输电网,建设不到10年就具备了世界最高水平,创造了一批世界纪录。

特高压电网是全球能源互联网的主网架,也是我国能源互联网的主网架,能够将西部、北部大型可再生能源基地的电力大规模输送到1000-4000公里的东中部负荷中心。据介绍,国家电网公司目前已有特高压电网在运“六交五直”、在建“三交六直”,“十三五”期间,重点突破西纵、中纵等关键交流工程,尽快形成坚强的特高压交流电网,形成若干条“三北”地区新能源外送的大动脉。实践证明,特高压在推动我国可再生能源大规模外送消纳方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。

加强负荷侧管理 推进电能替代

随着国民经济产业结构的调整和新能源的蓬勃的发展,全社会用电峰谷差加大,加强负荷侧管理、努力提高负荷率已经成为迫在眉睫的问题。电力负荷侧管理是指通过提高终端用电效率和优化用电方式,引导电能消费者改变用能方式,使电力资源得到有效的优化配置。对于提高风光等新能源的消纳、降低风光水弃用率,一方面要通过挖掘需求侧响应潜力,减少负荷峰谷差,引导负荷跟随风光发电的出力适时调整,最大限度降低弃用率;另一方面,通过加快实施电能替代,以电代煤、以电代油,积极拓展本地新能源消纳市场。

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