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推进“一湖四水”流域环境治理PPP模式的建议

2017-08-29 09:04:52   中国青年网

刘细良

“一湖四水”流域环境治理是湖南“四化两型”社会建设及“绿色湖南”战略目标实现的重点舞台,而PPP模式(Public-Private Partnerships,意为“政府与社会资本合作”模式)的应用则是实现治理高效率、低风险,保证项目资金与技术水平的重要抓手,积极推进湖南“一湖四水”流域环境治理PPP模式具有十分重要的现实意义。

近年来,围绕“一湖四水”流域环境治理各级政府已推出不少PPP项目,但因缺乏统筹,在模式推进中遭遇了一些深层次问题,面临困境——

在顶层设计方面,政策法规限于项目引导,对具体操作规范缺乏梳理,导致地方政府要么匆匆上马,漏洞百出;要么如履薄冰,难成项目。同时在项目制定上缺乏对“一湖四水”整体水系的统筹,导致区域差异、分割管理明显。

在参与主体方面,政府各部门“九龙治水”“两个班子,一套人马”、行政换届前后政策差异问题尚待解决,中标资本临时组队弊端显著,金融机构激励不足、人才匮乏现象突出,非政府组织自我定位及赋权也存在困难。

在项目技术方面,财政投入着眼初期开发补贴而忽视后期运营管理,导致资金投入连续性效应不足;一些政府存在盲目签约、随意违约、任意变约,以及过度担保、过度承诺等行为,导致公信力大大削弱;立项打包、付费模式、风险分担及项目考核等也都存在改进空间。

在社会认知方面,主要存在三个误区:一是认为此类项目投资回报率低,二是认为PPP模式是万能的,三是对投资地区差异的偏见。

创新五大机制,推进“一湖四水”流域环境治理PPP模式的建议——

拓宽融资渠道,健全资本选择与激励机制。在融资渠道上,除了中央及省级政府在环保以及河流治理方面的财政投入、环境类税收和排污权质押贷款等,以及信贷、债权、股权、基金、彩票等社会融资手段,还需要以政府为主导联合利益相关者成立“一湖四水”环境治理专项基金,以联合信用为基础进行运作并获取回报;在资本选择上,要借助专业咨询机构进行系统分析,保证其融资能力和技术能力双重达标。要积极探索成本最小化、收益最大化的最佳组合,鼓励、支持社会资本联合投标,以实现优势互补,减少市场垄断;在融资激励上,要大力发挥政府投资引导作用,以贴息、担保、奖补等方式提高资金运作效能。同时加大对社会资本的政策支持,提高相关企业信用评级和信贷额度,支持生态环保类企业发行诸如湘江流域重金属污染治理等专项债券。

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