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锌锭供应短期依然偏紧

2017-08-28 10:12:13   中国经济网

库存低位,需求增长

8月初开始,锌锭价格走高,参与2017第三期有色金属(锌)产业基地培训活动的业内人士认为,直接原因是库存低位与需求增长。而且,由于环保加码和产业周期的限制,供需矛盾短期内很难解决。

锌锭价格走高,源自库存低位和需求增长

据业内人士介绍,库存低位与需求增长是上半年锌锭期现价格上涨的直接原因。库存低位是由于全球矿山与冶炼商产能长期萎缩,需求增长则受益于今年全球经济回暖以及国内建筑业与制造业表现良好。

北京安泰科信息开发有限公司铅锌小组专家夏丛认为,截至8月中旬,国内锌社会库存为12万吨,相较年均600万吨的消耗量,目前的库存仅能维持几天的生产,已经达到历史最低点。

不仅国内,全球多数地区的锌锭库存都处在近年来的低位。夏丛向期货日报记者介绍,今年全球仓单库存下降的路径由亚洲到欧洲,再到北美。截至7月底,除美国外,只有英国还有近3000吨的注册仓单,其他地区多数已转为注销仓单。近期,LME库存90%以上集中在北美新奥尔良,其也是目前锌溢价最高的地区。

全球锌锭库存较低是上一阶段矿山与冶炼商产能缩减的一个必然结果。中国有色金属工业协会马骏认为,2014年开始,国内矿业投资回落,四川、广西、湖南、福建、陕西等地的多数小矿山也在安全环保行动中被清退;2015年澳大利亚Century矿与爱尔兰Lisheen矿的关停则代表着国外矿山产能缩减进入高潮期。

“因为锌精矿供应紧张,矿山与冶炼商在针对冶炼费用的谈判中占据主导地位,冶炼商利润被挤压,叠加环保压力,冶炼产能上一阶段出现较大幅度的萎缩。”夏丛表示。冶炼费用是矿山和冶炼商在每年年初确定的。欧洲和北美的市场双方一般在2月美国锌协会AZA年会上集中谈判,国内则是由矿山与冶炼商协商。冶炼费用过高,表明锌精矿供应充足,冶炼商能够在谈判中占据主动;反之,供应短缺时,矿山占据主动,其支付的冶炼费用会减少。

与此同时,锌需求近年来呈现稳定增长态势。据夏丛介绍,去年锌消费增速在4.7%,今年在去年本就较高的消费增速基础上,预计还能保持2%的增速。

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