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《二十二》不止深情凝视

2017-08-28 07:21:55   中国青年网

对加害行为的回避、推卸、厚颜和傲慢,正是恶的培育土壤和助推器。承担,是获得谅解,进而可能获得尊重的唯一方式

□ 冯清清

温柔的记录

与其说这是一部电影,不如说这是一次温柔的记录和陪伴。8月14日上映的《二十二》,目前票房已过亿。对于纪录片而言,这是一个了不起的成绩。90分钟的影像里,导演郭柯重点讲述了4位老人的真实生活,她们有一个我们熟悉甚至刻板化的标签——慰安妇。

这样的题材,很容易放大人们的猎奇心和沉重感。不难想到,曾有的记录,主线多为受害者回顾曾经受辱的经历和痛苦;提到慰安妇,人们下意识蹦出的词儿多是苦难、沉重、悲惨、噩梦……《二十二》一反常态,没有低沉解说,没有历史画面,仅仅如其海报所言——深情凝视,用镜头温柔地记录着平凡老人的生活。

老人,这是我在影片中看到最直观的呈现。毛银梅老人轻声哼唱着《阿里郎》《桔梗谣》;林爱兰老人在养老院每天拖着粉色塑料椅挪坐到门口,伴着收音机咿咿呀呀的声音,看着日头升起又下去……我甚至想起我的外婆,她也喜欢哼着歌,孤身在家常听收音机,也是如此般生活。

老人们面对镜头时并不像人们想象的,有那么多精力去诉说、声讨或控诉。与之相反,她们反复讲,“我说了不舒服”“年纪那么大了,有什么说头啊”“不想提了”……

不禁想起,很多人以为战场上回来的人必定有很多故事要说,然而德国哲学家、文学家瓦尔特·本雅明敏锐地观察到,刚刚结束第一次世界大战的士兵总是满脸疲惫,无话可说。

于是,重点不在于诉说,而在于活着。作为一个词语,“活着”充满了力量。如余华所说:它的力量不是来自于喊叫,也不是来自于进攻,而是忍受,去忍受生命赋予我们的责任,去忍受现实给予我们的幸福和苦难,无聊和平庸。

当影像大幕落下,黑白字幕上出现韦绍兰老人家说的:“这个世界这么好,吃野东西也要留出命来看”。有多少人和我一样,眼中无泪,心却颤抖。

无果的诉讼

影像到此,思绪绵延。尽管导演表现得安静且克制,但让我想到的不止深情凝视。那些已然过去的伤痛,仅仅是以一种忍受而存在吗?我们看到了受害者——二十二正是此片2014年拍摄时中国内地官方登记的幸存的慰安妇受害者数量,虽然只是冰山一角,并且正在消逝(至影片上映时,只有八位老人在世)。那么,加害者呢?

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