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您知道中街钟鼓楼是何时拆的吗
2017-08-27 07:00:47 中国青年网
每次乘坐公交车来到中街附近,总能听到“钟楼”、“鼓楼”这样的站名,“钟打谯楼第几更,八关接续听锣鸣,狺狺中有谁家犬,吠入深霄不断声”这一出自清末诗人缪润绂的诗句更是描绘了沈阳钟鼓楼报更的生动画面。如今,随着城市规划的变迁,钟鼓楼早已消失,只留下钟鼓楼上那一口金代交龙钮大钟在沈阳故宫里向人们诉说着沧桑的历史。中街钟鼓楼缘何而建?又是在何时拆除的呢?原来中街钟鼓楼的拆除竟历经三次呈请,沈阳市档案馆馆藏档案中显示的拆除时间为1931年6月17日至7月25日。
皇太极建钟鼓楼 晨钟暮鼓颇为壮观
钟鼓楼作为古代的一种计时工具,曾在17世纪到20世纪将近三百年的时间里,屹立在沈阳城内。沈阳的钟鼓楼由皇太极所建,改国号为大清后,传说他在巡视中发现城内独缺钟鼓楼,于是建了这两栋建筑,地点就选在繁华的四平街,也就是后来的中街两端。东为钟楼,西为鼓楼,宛如孪生姐妹一般高高耸立,两楼间距580多米,正谓“晨钟暮鼓”。
那时城内百姓的计时都要依靠它们:夜晚分为五更,每更约为两个小时,从晚上七时起更,此时便要关闭城门,到了更点钟鼓齐奏,随后八门八关依次鸣锣。当时城比较小,钟鼓声传遍城内,告知人们休息的时间。据史料记载,钟楼和鼓楼皆是方城式构造,高均约5丈5尺,底座均为2丈有余,东西南北四面各设孔门,台前四周建有女墙和垛口,台中央是两层檐、砖木结构、青瓦歇山顶方形楼阁。楼底层竖立记载建楼年代的碑志,顶层是悬钟或挂鼓。往来行人都要从钟、鼓二楼下的孔门里穿过,也正因为有了立在钟鼓楼里的石碑,当时还有“人从碑下走,水自桥上流”的说法。
因阻碍交通 有关方面曾三次呈请拆除钟鼓楼
钟楼、鼓楼既是沈阳城的标志,为什么要拆除?光绪末年,西洋钟表开始进入达官贵人家中,钟鼓楼的报时作用开始淡化。辛亥革命后,沈阳不再是清朝陪都,随着城市规划变迁,那时的沈阳方城中道路的发展赶不上车辆的增加,钟鼓楼立在主干道的两端,越来越尴尬地阻碍交通。到了上世纪20年代后期,住在沈阳城里的一些官员和大户人家开始提出拆除钟鼓楼的意见。据史料记载,当年在东北大学教书的梁思成在他一生中第一次企图保护重要的纪念性建筑物,阻止拆除钟鼓楼。他向当时的沈阳市长陈述理由:“毁坏容易保护难。它们一旦消失就不能再恢复了。为什么你要选择把它毁掉呢?”不过,他的提议最终没有被采纳。
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