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资质过期,承租人能否要求延长租期

2017-08-26 08:21:58   中国青年网

2012年7月2日,承租人甘肃省兰州市某实业有限责任公司(下称实业公司)租赁兰州某铁路建设投资有限责任公司(下称铁路公司)铁路专用厂房,双方并签订了租赁合同。但实业公司在签约时不知道铁路公司因没有缴纳规费而使得经营铁路专用厂房的资质过期。签约发现该情况后,实业公司于2012年7月9日与铁路公司协商补缴规费和滞纳金。

但实业公司跑了众多部门,花了三年多时间,才办完补缴费用手续并让铁路公司重获资质,实业公司因此要求铁路公司将租期延长三年,但铁路公司坚持按租赁合同原约定租期执行。无奈之下,实业公司诉至法院,一审、二审和再审法院均判决铁路公司胜诉。对此,实业公司不服,于2016年12月1日向甘肃省检察院申请监督。甘肃省检察院于2017年2月6日依法向甘肃省高级法院提出抗诉。甘肃省高级法院于2017年6月2日作出再审判决,判令铁路公司将租期延长37个月。

本案中,检察机关调查发现,实业公司在签约前,从未对此类租赁物(铁路专用厂房)进行经营。其主观上不了解铁路专用厂房所属行业的规定和习惯性做法,也无法知道铁路公司要保留经营资质需缴纳规费和滞纳金。此外,实业公司也无法定义务知道上述事宜。而铁路公司在签约之前,从未对实业公司就其经营资质问题的严重性履行告知义务(就这个关键事实,举证责任显然不能由实业公司承担)。实业公司尽管在签约时知道了铁路公司不具备资质,但由于铁路公司未履行告知义务,让实业公司认为以铁路公司的名义办理相关手续重获资质并不需要多长时间。但实际上补缴费用手续,需要经过地方和中央等20余个部门的审批,这是实业公司在签约时无法预见的。

根据法律规定,承租人在签订租赁合同时不知租赁标的存在物或者权利瑕疵,而这些瑕疵影响到租赁标的正常使用,无论其后是出租人还是承租人对租赁标的进行修缮,出租人都应承担瑕疵担保责任;承担责任的方式之一是延长租期。本案中,实业公司在签约时不知租赁物存在欠缴费用及需补缴费用才能重获资质的权利瑕疵。而补缴费用无论由铁路公司还是实业公司来完成,铁路公司都应承当瑕疵担保责任。因此,实业公司有权利要求铁路公司延长租期。

(作者单位:甘肃省人民检察院)

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