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如何用镜头理解 动物的世界?

2017-08-25 15:16:34   中国青年网

新西兰信天翁

新西兰信天翁

■欧罗巴

如果你看过正在上映的电影《地球:神奇的一天》,一定无法否认动物界的神奇。而这部电影中很多素材来自经典纪录片《地球脉动》。令几乎每一个看过这部纪录片的人都更加好奇的是,英国广播公司BBC的幕后制作团队是如何将这些珍贵、罕见又极富戏剧性的动物镜头捕捉下来的?

动物界的超级大片《地球脉动2》于2016年在英国广播电视公司一套节目登场。第一集播出后就创造了收视历史,成为了英国15年来最受欢迎的自然历史类节目。它还创造了很多拍摄技术的第一次。例如,它是第一部同时具有4K分辨率和高动态范围成像(HDR)的纪录片。尽管,2006年第一版的《地球脉动》播出时,已经令当时的观众对动物世界的精彩演绎耳目一新。它不但使用高清摄像机完成了大部分拍摄,还曾经是单集制作费最高的纪录片。但和最新版的《地球脉动2》比较之下,2006版《地球脉动1》就像是拿手机拍出来的。

十年间拍摄技术日新月异,让那些曾经令人震撼的镜头,变得普通而平凡。更敏感的热成像相机让拍摄者突破了时间和空间的局限,在任何光线下都能让被拍摄动物的行踪一览无遗。更稳定的云台让运动镜头平稳而清晰。用高速摄像机拍摄,再通过正常速度播放,能让陆地上跑得最快的猎豹在奔跑时震动的每一块肌肉,都变得清晰可见。除此以外,无人机的使用更是在影视剧拍摄中变得普及。《地球脉动2》运用了你能想到所有,最新、最疯狂的摄影技术,但技术并不是让它成为一部伟大纪录片的决定性条件。

在这部纪录片里,制作方有意减少了那些全局化的“上帝”视角,更多使用了微观的,近距离的观察方式,营造出强烈的代入感和紧张氛围。尽管制作方并不缺少无人机拍摄设备,这些设备也的确在丛林拍摄中立下汗马功劳,因为它们可以模拟鸟类的视角。但更多时候,制作方更希望人类摄影师们可以站在拍摄环境当中,做到“人机合一”,因为这些身临其境的专业摄影师的视角,将最终决定观众眼中的画面。

除了这些拍摄器材、手法,使画面产生了前所未有的视觉震撼,这部纪录片备受欢迎的另一个重点,是他们以人的角度给动物世界创造出了角色和情绪,让整部纪录片看起来更像是一部跌宕起伏的电影大片。当90岁的大卫·爱登堡爵士出现在镜头前,用熟悉的声音再度念出旁白时,很多人已经开始按捺不住内心的激动,期待进入一个前所未闻的动物世界。

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