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十年磨一剑,开辟“影像诊断”新蓝海

2017-08-25 08:46:43   中国青年网

只要通过药物注射,就能准确地对患者病灶进行“拍照”,并进行定性、定量、定位、定期,以此获取癌症诊断的关键信息。日前,由医影生物纳米技术(苏州)有限公司研发的癌症诊断及治疗新药“18氟代胸腺嘧啶”,被全球最具规模的正电子药物相关产品生产企业之一——华益科技有限公司所看中,双方在药物临床申报达成合作意向,意味着该药产业化迈出实质性一步。

氟代胸腺嘧啶,这一让非专业人士看了摸不着头脑的名词,正是以核酸为基础研发的癌症PET诊断(核医学影像诊断)关键药物,又被形象地称为癌症“显影剂”。

“癌细胞的生长需要抓取大量养分,因此把正电子放射性药物搭载到营养素上,就会被癌细胞大量抓取,再通过影像扫描获取‘放射信号’,就可以直观反映出病人癌症病灶的情况。” 医影生物纳米技术(苏州)有限公司总经理、首席科学家孙伟燕博士向记者介绍药物原理。

这些“伪装”成营养素的显影剂又叫“分子探针”,目前,被广泛应用于PET诊断的“分子探针”主要载体为“氟代葡萄糖”。但由氟代葡萄糖收率普遍只有60%,导致药物成本过高,国内做一次检测的费用在几千到上万元,最重要的是,这一载体对肺癌和脑癌诊断存在一定误诊率,也让医学界不断呼唤能有更多的新药出现,来弥补这些短板。

“早在上世纪50年代,就有人想到将氟18搭载到核酸中的放化收率会更高,但如何搭载却是业界的技术瓶颈。”孙伟燕对记者说到,尽管医学界早在1981年已经做出核素搭载的新药,但到了2004年,该药收率才由最初的1%提升到5%,一直是困扰国际医药界关于该药研发的最主要症结。

放化收率,即正电子放射性药物研发过程中产出和投入的比例,收率越低,意味着药物价格越昂贵,能够有机会使用的人越少。正是看到了这样的机遇和挑战,从1994年就出国到日本、澳大利亚、加拿大等国家知名高校、科研院所研究影像诊断的孙伟燕,于2004年开始研究核素如何有效地搭载核酸,并于2010年正式回国创业。2013年,孙伟燕获得苏州高新区“科技创新创业领军人才”称号,并在第二年正式成立医影生物纳米技术(苏州)有限公司,从事“飞克分子探针、基因探针、正电子抗肿瘤药物”及相关技术的原创研发。

“我们发现这是药物设计工艺的问题,通过反复的实验和对比,找到药物设计的综合平衡点,并在2016年终于让核素搭载的收率最高达到了73%,是目前获知的世界最高收率,这是我们自己也没有想到的。”谈到这一不平凡的研发和创业过程,孙伟燕依旧心潮澎湃,这种将核素搭载在用放射性的同位素18氟来修饰核酸上的新型检测性药物,由于收率较高,并可对药物在体内路径进行追踪,可以实现对癌症进行定性、定量、定位、定期分析,弥补了葡萄糖自身的短板,更提高在肺癌和脑癌的诊断方面准确性。

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