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新编戏也需传承

2017-08-25 04:21:10   中国青年网

【见仁见智】

上海京剧院“尚长荣三部曲”《曹操与杨修》《贞观盛事》《廉吏于成龙》都有了传承版,由青年演员担纲主演的这三部戏将于今年国庆期间在上海集中上演。这三部新编历史剧均是京剧名家尚长荣先生的代表作,如今传承给年轻人,有着重要的意义。它说明了新编戏也需传承,通过传承可以成为剧院的保留剧目,也为京剧剧目长廊又增添了新成员。同时又表明年轻演员在传承剧目的同时,更传承了老一辈京剧人的演剧精神和崇高品德,有望成为承上启下的中坚力量,让人们对京剧艺术的明天充满信心。

《曹操与杨修》《贞观盛事》《廉吏于成龙》是尚长荣加盟上海京剧院三十年间创作的三部代表性剧目,不仅获奖累累,而且久演不衰。其中新编历史剧《曹操与杨修》堪称新时期京剧艺术的里程碑之作,当初尚长荣携剧本从西安来到上海,克服重重困难,将此戏搬上舞台后,以其贯通历史与现实的深刻主题引人共鸣,尚长荣所饰演的与传统戏不同的曹操也得到广泛赞誉。《贞观盛事》中,尚长荣又以花脸扮魏征突破了京剧传统的行当,在表演上又上层楼。而《廉吏于成龙》则以永恒的反腐倡廉的主题,塑造了一个铁骨铮铮的廉吏形象。这三出戏,均不是应时之作,亦非获奖即收,而是多次打磨后经常演出,成为剧院的代表剧目,尚长荣也凭这三部曲,获得首个中国戏剧梅花大奖。后来,陆续有年轻演员出演这三部戏中的其他角色,但尚长荣的主演地位似乎无人能代替。不过年过古稀之后,尚长荣已经较少在舞台上呈现这三部十分吃功的大戏了。2014年5月,传承版《曹操与杨修》正式建组,“尚长荣三部曲”传承计划也开始启动。三年间,尚长荣在传承过程中亲力亲为,每一部戏的教学不仅传授演唱表演、角色塑造,同时也把自己的创作理念分享给青年演员。传承版《曹操与杨修》、传承版《贞观盛事》已分别于2015年、2016年先后上演,《廉吏于成龙》作为传承计划的最后一部剧目将于今年国庆档期的“尚长荣三部曲”传承版展演中首次呈现。如今,这三部优秀之作都有了传承版,而且上海京剧院历时三年的传承计划传承的不仅仅是尚长荣的三部代表作,还有他的创作理念、创作思路,为圈内提供了一个新编剧目传承的成功案例。

近年来,戏曲传统老戏的抢救传承受到了方方面面的重视,事实上,新时期以来创作的一批优秀新编剧目也面临着传承问题。戏曲艺术需要活态传承,只有活在舞台上,才能真正传承下去。剧团艺术精神、艺术风格的传承,离不开剧目传承,除了经典老戏之外,新编剧目也应在传承之列。新时期以来,全国各地京剧院团创排的京剧新戏很多,其中不乏优秀之作,但遗憾的是,绝大多数都没能传承下来,剧目存活率低,造成艺术生产的极大浪费。这些京剧新戏,有的是只为评奖,获奖后即刀枪入库;有的是量身定做,只能由某个演员出演,或外请、借用其他剧团演员出演,所在剧团演员无法演出,也是演过即收。以中国京剧节为例,那么多获奖剧目,但成为保留剧目的少之又少。即使是当初令人惊艳的京剧现代戏《骆驼祥子》,也没能传承下来,十分可惜。

近几十年来,戏曲舞台上新作不断,但与传统老戏相比影响力却有限。除了艺术上的差异之外,新编戏传播力度远不及传统老戏,也是一个原因。新编剧目往往局限于“一戏一人”,即一部作品仅由一位或几位主演来演出。而且由于版权等各种客观原因,如今一部好戏大家演的可能性已经很小,但至少应该让那些代表剧团风格的优秀新编剧目可以传承下去,毕竟对于戏曲艺术来说,只有活态传承才是真正的传承。对于剧团而言,有自己独到的保留剧目,也是保持其特色和吸引力的有效手段,这一点,上海京剧院作出了表率。但愿能有更多的剧院团能够将自己的特色剧目传承下去,在让年轻演员接棒的同时,也让京剧艺术永葆青春魅力。

(宋如敏)

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