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深化司法改革 促进公平正义

2017-08-25 04:11:18   中国青年网

【法治中国大家谈】

六集政论专题片《法治中国》第四集、第五集分别为《公正司法》上、下两集,以全面依法治国为背景,充分呈现深化司法体制改革对法治中国建设起到的积极作用。

专题片详细梳理和总结了十八大以来司法体制改革的经验与成效:从司法人员分类管理、完善司法责任制、实行员额制,到健全司法人员职业保障,推动省以下地方法院检察院人财物统一管理;从推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革、防范和纠正冤假错案、严格排除非法证据,到保障律师执业权利和犯罪嫌疑人合法权利、规范涉案财物处置,规范减刑、假释、暂予监外执行;从实行让审理者裁判、由裁判者负责,到防止领导干部干预司法活动、插手具体案件处理;从全面实施立案登记制,实现有案必立、有诉必理,到推进失信被执行人信用监督、警示和惩戒机制建设,基本解决执行难;从建立检察机关提起公益诉讼制度,保护国家利益和社会公共利益,到完善法律援助制度,让每一位公民都享受平等的诉讼权利和公正的司法判决等。

本轮司法体制改革中,多项改革举措都是先由中央进行顶层设计、立法机关进行试点授权,然后在全国范围内试点先行并进行经验总结,再向全国人大常委会作出报告,最后将改革经验上升为法律。认罪认罚从宽制度就是遵循这一步骤展开试点并逐步推进的。十八届四中全会《决定》提出“推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革”和“完善刑事诉讼中认罪认罚从宽制度”,就二者关系而言,是相辅相成、共同推进的:以审判为中心的诉讼制度,要求保证庭审在查明事实、认定证据、保护诉权、公正裁判中发挥决定性作用。即庭审要去除形式化,落实实质化,而实质化的庭审需要投入更多的司法资源,延长诉讼时间,不可能也没必要适用于所有刑事案件。因此,需要根据刑事被告人认罪与否、案件难易、刑罚轻重等情况,探索速裁程序、简易程序、普通程序有序衔接、繁简分流的多层次诉讼制度体系,推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,为完善刑事诉讼程序制度提供实践基础。2014年至2016年,最高人民法院和最高人民检察院在部分地区根据全国人大常委会授权开展刑事速裁程序试点,是完善刑事诉讼中认罪认罚从宽制度的先行探索,取得了明显成效。在此基础之上,2016年9月,经全国人大常委会决定授权,开展认罪认罚从宽制度试点,对于犯罪嫌疑人、刑事被告人自愿供述自己罪行,对指控的犯罪事实没有异议,同意人民检察院量刑建议并签署具结书的案件,适用认罪认罚从宽制度试点。这对于及时有效惩罚犯罪、维护社会稳定,落实宽严相济刑事政策、加强人权司法保障,优化司法资源配置、提升司法公正效率,深化刑事诉讼制度改革、构建科学刑事诉讼体系,都具有重要意义。

当然,《法治中国》的播出不仅是回顾和梳理过往全面推进依法治国、建设法治国家方面的改革成效,更是对未来的展望和憧憬。在推进改革的进程中,必然遭遇各种困难,但我们应当正视困难、战胜困难,向着公正、高效、权威的司法制度建设目标扎实迈进,努力实现“让人民群众在每一个司法案件中都能感受到公平正义”。

(作者:卞建林 系中国政法大学教授、中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院院长)

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