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青海省实现世界遗产零突破 可可西里迎生态环境保护新起点

2017-08-24 15:21:30   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者林伟大、程昱):日前,在联合国教科文组织第41届世界遗产委员会大会上,青海可可西里被列入《世界遗产名录》,青海省实现世界遗产“零”的突破。截止目前,中国共有世界遗产52处,遗产总数名列世界第二位。申遗成功,为可可西里生态环境保护带来新的机遇和挑战。

可可西里,蒙语指“青色的山梁”,藏语则是“美丽的少女”的意思,地处青藏高原东北部。位于青海玉树藏族自治州治多县和曲麻莱县境内,大部分处于无人区,总面积达6.03万平方公里,包含了一条从三江源到可可西里的藏羚羊完整的迁徙路线,是迄今已知的藏羚羊所有迁徙路线中保护最好的路线。

藏羚羊的绒毛是一种叫做沙图什的昂贵披肩的原材料。上个世纪九十年代,藏羚羊盗猎活动猖獗,数量最低时藏羚羊种群数量不足2万。得益于从治多县西部工作委员会到现在可可西里国家级自然保护区管理局巡山队员们执法打击和保护工作,盗猎藏羚羊案件逐年下降。2006年以后,在可可西里再也没有听到盗猎枪声,藏羚羊种群得到了拯救和稳定恢复。可可西里国家级自然保护区管理局局长布周说:“一年主力队员的巡山任务是确保每月一次。除此之外,有重大工作任务时,要突破这个数字,一年要18次以上,各(保护)站也有巡线任务,每年要保证在400次以上,每次七天上下,任务主要是有没有人员活动,看有没有非法采金活动。”

据监测统计,可可西里及周边地区藏羚羊种群数量已接近或达到6万只,可可西里成为了名副其实的“动物王国”,青藏公路沿线随时可以看到藏羚羊及其他野生动物。

卓乃湖是藏羚羊的“大产房”,每年夏天,生活在青海三江源保护区、西藏羌塘保护区和新疆阿尔金山保护区的藏羚羊纷纷前往卓乃湖产仔。布周告诉记者,由于全球气候变暖,目前的卓乃湖出现了决堤湖水下泄的问题,不仅影响了藏羚羊产仔,而且还会引起草场沙化,“全球变暖后对本区域有影响,雪山(雪线)上升,冰川融化,冻土受影响在急剧融化。所以出现卓乃湖决堤这种事情。”

目前,全球气候变暖已经是可可西里生态环境保护面临的最大挑战。然而,这里面积大、海拔高、自然条件恶劣,大部分地区属于无人区,只有在冬季冻土上冻才能深入其腹地,而且在大部分地区没有布设监测站点。青海省住房和城乡建设厅副厅长尚少岩表示,未来将利用高科技手段,实现对可可西里气候、生态和环境的全方位监测,“进一步完善监测体系,合理布设监测站点,按照世界自然遗产地的标准,全面开展全天候实时的监测工作,同时加大投入,利用航空航天的多种遥感手段,比如卫星图片的比对,远程视频的全天候监控,包括无人机的拍摄、检测等相关技术,不断地提高青海省对可可西里遗产地的监测管理水平和效率。”

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