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以健笔写柔情

2017-08-24 06:31:28   中国青年网

顾随《稼轩词说(稿本)》 河北教育出版社供图

顾随 摄于20世纪50年代

【读书者说】

在中国古典文学研究领域,林木蓊郁,顾随先生却以其渊深的学识独秀其中。先生儒释道兼容,每每以一己之体悟,于诗于词生发精妙见解,尤其在古典诗词的讲授上,听者无不深受启发。近几年,先生的弟子叶嘉莹先生将珍藏几十载的听课笔记相继整理出版,流布四海,甚为读者推崇。因先生关于诗词的阐发论讲总能直抵人心灵深处,荡起人自有之真、善、美等情感,从而呈现出人之生命的纯真底色,恰如秋水共长天。同时,又总能于此际感发之余,延宕出生生之气,给人以精神的濯洗和前行的气力。

顾随先生一生留存下来的诗词论著仅有两部,一是《稼轩词说》,一是《东坡词说》。《稼轩词说(稿本)》(河北教育出版社2017年5月出版)作于1943年夏,后因弟子吴小如之约,1947年始连载于天津《民国日报》,这期间,多在友朋、弟子间传看。

1941年12月8日太平洋战争爆发,燕京大学被封,彼时顾随先生正传法于燕大讲堂,此种情形下,先生不能在课堂上授课,如其在《稼轩词说·自序》中所言:

卅年冬,城西罢讲,是事遂废。会莘园寓居近地安门,与吾庐相望也,时时过吾谈文。一日吾谓平时室中所说,听者虽有记,恐亦不免不详与失真。莘园曰:“如是,何不自写?”吾亦一时兴起,乃遴选辛词廿首,付莘园抄之。

文中“莘园”,名滕茂椿,为顾随先生在燕京大学授课时的弟子,先生《稼轩词说》能成稿,如上文所述有其学生滕茂椿动议之缘由。且当时北平沦陷,先生身心亦是遭遇了诸多伤痛,讲堂不能上,家国满目疮痍,先生选择辛弃疾词来说解,一如先生所言:“世间男女爱悦,一见钟情,或曰宿孽也。若吾于稼轩之词,其亦有所谓宿孽与前生者在耶?自吾始知词家有稼轩其人,以迄于今,几三十年矣。”

而另一层原因,当是辛稼轩乃文治武功超达之人物,“性情过人,识力超众,眼高手辣,肠热心慈,胸中又无点尘污染”(《稼轩词说·自序》),正所谓“千古文人侠客梦”(陈平原先生语),如此人物,自是顾随先生心里可以深深相知音的,遂能与稼轩针芥相投。当然,人与人相知音,性情相近是一,彼此的精神、信仰也是有重要关系的。当时,正是国家危难重重之际,国土沦丧,敌寇入侵,先生虽一介文人,却“用世念切,不甘暴弃”,亦是希望能如稼轩般驱敌保国,更是希冀着同辈友朋、弟子后人可以共同担荷这一责任,英雄之所见,应如稼轩同,所以这也应该是顾随先生选择说解辛词另一刻骨情结与情怀吧。

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