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金砖十年 金融合作领域取得务实成果

2017-08-23 16:03:22   中国青年网

金砖国家十年,在金融合作领域取得了务实成果,分别在国际货币体系改革、政策协调、机制建设、货币合作、开发性金融等领域都取得了全方位进展,金砖国家金融合作推动了金砖国家在经济技术合作与贸易发展提供多样化金融服务,推动了金砖国家之间贸易和投资的便利化。

金砖国家金融合作的发展历程

2008年11月,金砖四国在巴西圣保罗举办的财长会议上呼吁改革国际金融体系,使之能够正确反映世界经济新变化。

2009年6月,巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国四国领导人在俄罗斯的叶卡解琳堡会晤后发表了金砖四国领导人联合声明,金砖四国领导人呼吁落实G20伦敦金融峰会共识,改善国际贸易和投资环境,承诺推动国际金融机构改革,提高新兴市场和发展中国家在国际金融机构中的发言权和代表性。

2010年4月,在巴西首都巴西利亚举行的第二届金砖国家领导人峰会上,中俄巴印四国签订了《“金砖四国”银行合作机制备忘录》,这标志金砖国家银行合作机制正式成立。

2011年3月,在中国三亚主办的第三届峰会上,金砖五国签署了《金砖国家银行合作机制金融合作框架协议》。中俄两国还签订了本币结算协定,有力推动双方的经贸往来。

2012年3月,金砖国家在印度首都新德里签署《金砖国家银行合作机制多边本币授信总协议》与《多边信用证保兑服务协议》,涉及到贸易融资及投资项目等多个领域。

2013年3月,在南非德班举行的第五节金砖国家领导人峰会上。金砖国家进出口银行与开发银行达成《可持续发展合作和联合融资多边协议》及《非洲基础设施联合融资多边协议》,满足经济快速增长的基础设施资金方面的庞大需求。

与此同时,中国人民银行与巴西中央银行签署了双边本币互换协议,这成为中国首个与金砖国家签署的货币互换协议。中国人民银行还与南非储备银行签署了《中国人民银行代理南非储备银行投资中国银行间债券市场的代理投资协议》,这些都促进了金砖国家的金融合作。

金砖国家加强货币合作完善国际货币体系

美联储持续加息和缩表带来国际形势变化,客观要求金砖国家降低汇率风险、维护市场稳定,逐步降低对美元的依赖程度,促进金砖国家主权货币国际化,完善国际货币体系。

近年来金砖国家不断提升本币结算的比例和货币互换协议规模,离岸金融取得进展,这有助于摆脱国际收支领域对美元的过度依赖。金砖国家应持续推进本币结算业务,强化货币互换协议,控制汇率风险,减小因美元汇率波动给宏观经济和资本市场带来的冲击,防范跨境资本流动风险,尽快提高金砖体系价格稳定能力,条件成熟可以建立汇率联合浮动机制,维护宏观经济稳定基础上提高金砖国家货币的国际地位。

美联储加息缩表给金砖各国的外汇储备量和汇率平稳带来压力,同时使得对外资产的结构发生变化。金砖国家应在新的国际资本环境下应加强合作,支持实体经济,完善相关制度安排,增强金砖国家货币国际化,抵御资本流动风险。

加强金砖国家货币合作路径选择

金砖国家货币国际化应实现从区域化到全球化的发展路径。短期看,金砖国家应完善货币互换机制,加强金砖各国货币的清结算,使金砖各国货币能在投资和金砖内部国际贸易间合理流通;中期看,金砖国家应在货币清结算接触上,积极推动货币的区域化进程,扩大货币在金砖体系的适用范围,从而达到在长期内切实推进金砖五国货币国际化进程的目标。金砖国家还应利用人民币加入SDR成为国际储备货币的契机,增强金砖国家间货币互换规模,增强金融实力,支持人民币在金砖国家的使用。人民币作为全球第二大贸易货币、第五大支付货币和第六大外汇交易货币,成国际货币体系日益重要的货币。金砖国家还要充分利用金砖银行及应急储备安排,加大对贸易融资等的金融支持力度,推进基础设施的互联互通建设,通过加强国际金融合作,增强金砖国家金融治理能力。

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