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“裸归”遇水土不服 何不先就业再创业

2017-08-23 09:22:38   央广网

广州大学广州发展研究院、广州市蓝皮书研究会昨日发布《2017年中国广州科技创新发展报告》蓝皮书。其中关于留学人员的调查显示,广州留学归国人员已超过5万人,他们之中16.5%选择了自主创业,创业企业中近半规模达到百人以上,但也有四分之一企业规模不到10人。

与本土创新创业人员相比,对国内技术的认识偏差及对文化、社会环境的不了解是留学归国人员创业中遇到的主要问题。

广州留学归国人员5%持有专利 16.5%选择创业

《广州留学归国人员创新创业状况调研报告》由广州留学人员服务中心、广州市委党校联合完成。

2016年5月至9月期间,课题组设计、发放了《中国留学人才市场留学人员就业意向调查表》,共回收有效问卷906份。同时,结合广州留学人员服务中心5万多份原始数据及实地调研情况,课题组对广州地区留学人员创新创业情况作了深入分析。

数据显示,广州留学归国人员创新能力较强,拥有专利的人员比例为5%。在其拥有的专利中,技术含量最高的发明专利占比62.5%,实用新型专利和外观设计专利所占比例分别为28.1%和9.4%。

以青壮年为主的广州留学归国人员,在技术攻关等创新科研活动中,也承担着重要角色,担任项目的主要领导或负责人的比例为23.2%,担任项目的技术骨干或中坚力量比例为20.2%,合计达43.4%。该人群非常重视个人职业的长远发展,职务晋升、改善增进工资福利待遇和提供专业的进修学习机会等是他们认可的激励创新的主要途径,选中比例分别为57.9%、52.3%和42.5%。

在创新创业的浪潮下,16.5%的广州留学归国人员选择了自主创业。他们创立的企业大部分还属于初创期,所占比例达到42.4%;成长期和成熟期的企业所占比例分别是29.8%和27.8%。

从规模看,留学归国人员创立的企业中,100人以上企业占到将近一半,比例为47.3%;除此之外,51~99人占7.3%, 10~50人占20.0%,10人以下占25.3%。

“水土不服”是留学归国人员创业遭遇的主要问题

调查发现,“水土不服”仍是留学归国人员在穗创新创业面临的主要问题,具体包括市场差异、资金投入、文化环境等。

课题组表示,留学人员研发的技术、项目大都比较领先,但对比国外,留学归国人员经营理念和管理方式往往不一定能完全适应广州实际,市场化的道路相对较为艰难。另一方面,留学归国人员的优势主要集中在掌握了先进的科学技术,但是此前创业经验不多,企业运营经验欠缺也对创新创业构成了障碍。不少受访者回国后创业是第一次掌舵一个完整的企业发芽成长,其中涉及的诸如法律、投资等方面的管理经验不足,制约了企业的发展。

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