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“草根创业”如何迎来春天(新论)

2017-08-23 06:21:59   中国青年网

鼓励“双创”相关财政政策措施向基层倾斜,让“草根创业”迎来自己的春天

近年来,全国各类“双创”基地蓬勃发展,“精英创业”和“草根创业”并举,在促进就业的同时加速培育发展新动能。在此背景下,国务院不久前印发《关于强化实施创新驱动发展战略进一步推进大众创业万众创新深入发展的意见》,强调在更大范围、更高层次、更深程度上推进大众创业、万众创新。

当前,“双创”引领劳动力、资本、技术等生产要素加速向生产率更高的部门流动,形成了因地制宜、特色鲜明、活力十足的梯次发展格局。去年城镇新增就业1314万人,各类市场主体每天新增4.5万户。特别是一线城市和发达地区,在集聚创新资源、加强人才引进、研发核心技术、配套公共服务等方面优势突出,“双创”生态环境明显优化。去年5月,首批28个国家级“双创”示范基地主要集中在中心城市,涌现出一批新技术、新产品、新服务主导的“双创”典型,催生出一批新产业、新业态、新模式。

与此同时也要看到,三四线城市、欠发达地区和广大农村虽然蕴藏着巨大的创业热情与能量,却面临创新基础薄弱、创新投入能力不足、创新人才相对缺乏、创新氛围不够浓郁等问题。在信息时代,“草根创业”如何迎来自己的春天?事实上,这些相对落后地区因为“返乡下乡创业”的兴起,涌现出了不少创新故事,“互联网+精准扶贫”“职业教育+实训基地”“引老乡,回故乡,建家乡”“乡村建设+文化旅游”等等,层出不穷。鼓励“双创”相关财政政策措施向基层倾斜,也是此次国务院印发意见的重点。

让创新资源惠及“双创”生态系统的“末梢”,激发更多的创意并转化为新动能,首先需要联通中央地方“双创”平台。中央平台和地方平台各有优势,通过“互联网+”、政府与社会资本合作等方式构建互联互通的国家“双创”平台体系,可促进优势互补。央地平台在人才、资金、政策、创业辅导、产权交易等方面共享信息、对接资源,可更好地推动基层创新创业向多元化、特色化、专业化方向发展。

融通中央地方“双创”主体,需要发挥重点大学、科研院所及创新引领型企业在“产学研用金”合作中的辐射带动作用,构建不同主体相互协作的国家“双创”生态系统。全国共享创业导师队伍,央地联合开展创业培训,可更好地促进创新要素跨区域、跨行业组合,向基层扎根。央地联合设立面向基层的创业投资基金,共同引导当地各类园区、高校、院所、国企和大中小民营企业、新型研发机构、专业服务机构融通发展,深耕基层创新创业,可更好地满足多样化市场需求。

此外, 有必要以县域为节点,构建常态化的国家“双创”活动网络,使每个节点都能为“双创”人才识别、项目落地、供需对接、资金扶持等提供服务,为各类有梦想、有意愿、有能力的“双创”群体创造更多的出彩机会,搭建广阔的圆梦舞台。

有学者说,创新实际上是一个“创造性破坏”的过程。在这个意义上,“双创”是一个打破既有利益格局和资源分配方式的过程,有利于建立起更有效、更合理的生产要素组合以及资源分配模式。创新的最大潜能就埋藏在“大众创业”当中,坚持央地合作、多措并举、延伸服务,就能为释放“万众创新”的磅礴潜能打开空间。

(作者为中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院研究员)

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