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不要把珠算文化丢掉

2017-08-23 03:16:37   中国青年网

【重新焕发生命力的珠算文化】

珠算是中国古人的智慧结晶,是中华优秀传统文化的重要载体。据史料记载,早在汉朝时徐岳就曾提出“珠算”之名,北宋张择端的《清明上河图》中出现了算盘,可以推知珠算在宋朝时已进入市民的日常生活。明清时期,珠算技艺得到普及并绵延至今,直到20世纪末还广泛应用于财会人员的日常工作中。珠算文化还创造了很多脍炙人口的成语俗语,蕴藏了中华优秀传统文化的内涵精神。

随着电子计算机的发展,人类已经迈入“电算时代”,算盘作为计算工具的实用价值已经逐渐消失。今天传承珠算技艺还有价值吗?围绕这个问题学界虽有不同声音,但现实中珠算文化日渐式微却是事实。然而,与算盘适用范围缩减并存的另一种现象是,近年来珠算在美国、日本、新加坡、马来西亚等很多国家吸引了新的粉丝,珠心算成为国内外一些学校和辅导机构的课程。珠算文化重焕生命力的背后,是经实证研究发现,珠心算对开发智力具有的显著成效。

现代医学认为,人类大脑的最终构造是由先天基因和后天经验共同决定的,而后天经验更具有决定性。据中国珠算心算协会原会长迟海滨介绍,从2004年起中国教育科学研究所进行了一项长周期的课题研究,对13所小学的实验班和对照班进行了4次测试,取得了17.6万个数据,表明为期3年的珠心算教育干预非常显著地提升了实验班的智商、记忆力、注意力、思维能力和表象能力,并显著提升了小学1至3年级实验班的数学、语文和英语成绩。

实验结果验证了学者提出的假设,那就是珠算通过可感知、可操作的算盘拨动,能够将具象与抽象联系起来,刺激大脑神经,启动右脑形象思维,从而提高幼儿的注意力、观察力、记忆力、想象力和思维能力。在珠算的高级阶段珠心算的训练中,通过操作摆弄(直观感知)—实际拨珠(实拨)—模拟拨珠(空拨)—脑中想拨(表象操作)的过程,能够激活左右两半脑协同完成运算任务,锻炼思维能力。此外,随着对珠算珠心算的认识深入,研究人员还将珠算应用于智力缺陷、阿尔茨海默症等病症的干预治疗。

算盘重新焕发生命力,不仅是由于珠算从技术到艺术的功能形态转变,还在于电子计算时代,珠算珠心算仍然具有广泛的实用价值。信息时代最宝贵的是人的想象力、创造力和思维能力,而珠心算恰好能够启发、培养和锻炼人的这些能力,这也是保护和传承珠算珠心算的不竭动力。

在20世纪70年代,周恩来总理在接见科学家李政道时曾指出,“不要把算盘丢掉”。从今天看,这不仅具有保护中华优秀传统文化和非物质文化遗产的意义,还具有优化数学教育、开发脑潜能的价值。努力做好珠算的传承保护,需要进一步深化对珠算珠心算的实证研究,探索开发更加科学有效的课程体系,同时还需规范珠算珠心算的教育方式,让珠算珠心算真正成为开发智力的“金钥匙”。

(作者:钟超)

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