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便利店为何难敌“夫妻小卖部”

2017-08-23 08:32:58   中国青年网

根据中国连锁经营协会与波士顿咨询公司发布的《2017中国便利店发展报告》,去年我国连锁品牌化便利店门店数接近10万家,销售超过1300亿,但是这些连锁品牌区域性明显,缺少在全国范围布局者。除了“两桶油”利用加油站布局的便利店外,其它知名品牌便利店数量,占比均为个位数。

事实上,相对于庞大的零售市场而言,我国便利店不论是数量还是营业额都有待提高。在去年,我国每3000人拥有一座便利店的城市只有4个,相比之下,在日本,每2329人就有一家便利店。更为关键的是,去年我国便利店日均销售额仅为3714元,较上年仅增长4%,这样的销售收入,难以支撑便利店的房租和24小时运营带来的高昂人力成本。

换言之,便利店的“微利”甚至“无利”,使得有意加盟者不禁望而却步。

尽管便利店行业经营数字并不理想,但却挡不住互联网企业涉足这一行业的热情,主打移动支付牌的“无人店铺”、融合线上线下供应链的“无界零售”等概念层出不穷。那么,便利店的未来发展之路在哪里,这些新的概念,能否成为便利店转型的突破口?

事实上,在许多二三线城市,品牌便利店的踪影很难寻见,但老百姓出门购物并不受影响。因为在社区里,在村镇里,总有一种店铺会敞开大门,小卖部、烟酒铺、小超市……这些小店虽然看上去比便利店简陋许多,经营者也不是身着制服的店员,而是夫妻或亲戚,但却比便利店更了解周边居民所需,运营成本也更低。

目前,这样的小卖部在国内有700万家,是便利店的70倍,占据着零售市场四成的出货量。

如果你是社区里的老居民,走进这样的小卖部,进门时,听到的不是店员头也不抬地吐出“你好”二字,而是一两句熟悉的闲话;看似杂乱无章的小吃饮料中,永远有你喜欢的那款;代收个快递,偶尔忘戴手机钱包赊个账也是可以的。这个时候,小卖部的功能就不局限于零售本身,它更接地气,并且已经融入了社区,成为社区居民生活中不可缺少的一部分。

而这,恰恰是当下便利店所缺乏的。便利店本身就是舶来品,许多便利店品牌本身就来自海外,其经营模式自然照搬海外经验,却对国内市场缺乏深入了解。

很多便利店参考海外的选址模式,设在路口等人流密集处,这样的选址不仅租金不菲,更让社区居民对便利店敬而远之。因为,国内的小区往往有围墙,城市规划并非街区制,居民为了买瓶水绕出大门,还不如楼下小卖部方便。有的便利店采用标准化操作,所有店面都是一样的货物供应,却殊不知在外来人口聚集的城市,很可能隔一个街区,居住者的原籍、口味、收入水平和购物需求就会大不一样。而在便利店现有的加盟制体系下,店面实际投资者对于货物供应情况,并无太多干涉权力。

互联网企业为便利店提供的“解决方案”,瞄准的是降低成本,例如用移动支付取代收银员,用成熟的线下物流提高供货效率,但却忽视了便利店生存最重要的因素:住在便利店周边的人。这些人的消费,才会为便利店带来更多收入,特别是全时段消费。

在发达国家的成熟社区,一般是平均3000人左右分布一个便利店,也就是说,在收入水平较高的城市,3000人左右小社区,其日常消费是足以支撑起一家便利店的。但是,如果便利店的定位远离社区居民,离群索居,就会出现这样的情况:早晚高峰和午餐时间排长队,过路的人和上班族买水买午饭,而平常时段却无人去。最终看上去很忙的便利店,销售数字不好看就可想而知了。

有温度的便利店,才是成功的便利店。便利店的经营者不能总想着我能提供什么,而是应当去想,我所地处的社区中,居民到底需求什么。零售品牌的运营方,也应当根据加盟商的实际店铺位置,及时调整具体店面的布局和定位。

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