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行拘差评者是权力滥用

2017-08-23 06:22:00   中国青年网

警察权的行使与自由裁量需要循法而行,让法治成为每个公民的坚强后盾

日前,河北涉县发生了一桩“网民发帖称医院食堂价高难吃被拘留”的荒唐案子,引发舆论关注。给饭菜写个“差评”就要受到如此严苛的行政处罚?对此,邯郸市公安局派出工作组调查后认为,这一处罚决定“适用法律不当”,责成涉县公安局撤销对当事人的处罚决定,对派出所所长停止执行职务,对办案民警调离执法岗位,责令派出所向当事人赔礼道歉。

如今互联网电商早已普及,遇到商品质量不过关或者服务态度不够好,消费者通过在网上打分、写差评来表达不满,早已成为司空见惯的日常行为,也是监督商家提升商品和服务质量最见效的手段。在此背景下,当地警方以涉嫌虚构事实、扰乱公共秩序的名义对涉事网民处以行政拘留,有失妥当。公安机关对这件事的最终处理决定,是对警察权被滥用的“纠偏”。但即使帖子中确实存在虚构、夸大的成分,那也应是当事人与医院食堂之间的民事纠纷,应留给双方协商解决,或者诉诸法院等待司法裁决。公权力动辄介入普通民事纠纷,已经模糊了法律为权力行使划出的界限。

“高射炮打蚊子”式的执法应当予以批评甚至谴责,但更值得追问的是,当地公安机关是否有权启动这样的调查。为了维护社会秩序安定有序,必须充分保障警察依法合理正当行使警察权,这需要赋予一线执法警察以一定裁量权。然而,裁量并不是漫无边界的,在法治社会里,正当程序、比例原则等都在其四周划出了明显界限。将给食堂写“差评”也归入“扰乱公共秩序”,显然是过度扩张了这一概念的外延,将其变成了一个无所不装的“口袋”,其后果很可能给权力膨胀和越界提供空间。

警察权一旦被滥用,受伤害最深的是人民群众对法治的信仰。处于相对弱势地位的公众只有依靠法治提供的保护,才能与公权力取得适当平衡。在这一过程中,警察权扮演了双重角色:一方面是与犯罪行为作斗争的“利剑”,另一方面是保护个人合法权利的“盾牌”。因此,警察权的行使与自由裁量需要循法而行,让法治成为每个公民的坚强后盾。

只有把权力关进制度的笼子,裁量权被滥用的问题才能从根本上得到解决。近年来,中央三令五申要求执法规范化,中办、国办印发了《关于深化公安执法规范化建设的意见》,公安部对于社会反映强烈的执法问题的整治也在持续推进,许多地方的实践中也都在探索制定自由裁量的标准,执法不规范的情况在很大程度上已经得到了改善。但执法规范化依然任重而道远,要解决客观存在的执法素质参差不齐、执法水平不平衡的现象,把执法行为完全纳入法治轨道,还需要付出长期艰苦的努力。

“差评被拘”的出现,既是对执法者的警醒,也是一堂生动的法治课。如果能够通过这个案件的依法处理,纠正基层执法中存在的普遍性问题,未尝不是释放法治建设中的正能量。

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